Carolus de Porto (Carlos del Puerto, fl. first half 18th cent.)

OFMCap. Spanish friar from the Andalusia province. Preacher.

works

Laurel panegyrico y peregrina Oración, con que coronó los aplausos de la canonización del glorioso San Peregrino (...) (Sevilla: Diego López de Haro, 1727).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 255; Francisco Aguilar Piñal, Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII (1981), 227; Un amico del crocifisso e dei sofferenti: San Pellegrino Laziosi da Forlì (1265-1345 ca.): atti del convegno di studio nel 650o anniversario della morte, Roma, 9-11 ottobre 1996, ed. Elio Peretto (Marianum, 1998), 197.

Carolus (Carlo) de Sezze (Carlo Da Sezze/Giancarlo Marchioni, 1613-1670), sanctus

OFMRef. Italian lay friar. Beatified (1882) and Canonised (1959). Born in Sezze on 19 October 1613. Having religious and missionary ambitions from an early age, he was inspired by the life story of two Franciscan lay brothers (Pascal Baylon and Salvador de Horta) to join the Reformed Observant Franciscans in 1635. He never aspired the priesthood, and fulfilled a variety of tasks normally assigned to lay brothers, such as terminary, cook, porter, gardener etc.. He was not always very well equipped for these functions. Hence, while working as a cook, he succeeded in creating a kitchen fire. Yet he obtained a large reputation because of his strict adherence to the Franciscan vow of poverty,and because of his spiritual and mystical prowess. His confessor asked him to write his life story as a penitential exercise, which resulted in the Le grandezze delle misericordie di Dio, and he subsequently wrote a number of additional works, and was approached by highly placed ecclesiastics for spiritual advice. He would even have comforted the dying Pope Clement IX. Carlo died on Epiphany 1670 in the San Francesco a Ripa friary in Rome. Soon his grave became cult site and he was beatified in 1882 by Pope Leo XIII and later, on 12 April 1959, he was canonized by Pope John XXIII.

works

Esercizi spirituali. See Heerincks (1935), 340-344

Il picolo giardino di rose (2 redactions). See Heerincks (1935), 340-344

Divote rivelazioni della passione. See Heerincks (1935), 340-344

La vita e conforto dell anima. See Heerincks (1935), 340-344>

Trattato delle tre vie, della meditatione e stati della santa contemplatione distinto in tre parti (Rome: Ignatio de Lazzeri, 1654/Rome: Iacomo Fei d’A.F., 1664/Rome: Ottavio Puccinelli, 1742). In any case the 1664 and 1742 editions are accessible via Google Books.

Canti spirituali (Rome: Ignatio de Lazzeri, 1654; Rome: Iacomo Fei d'A.F., 1664). [also in the first two editions of the Trattato]

Settenari sacri o'vero meditationi pie (Rome: Mascandi, 1666).

Essercitio divoto per la novena di nostro Signore o vere nove meditationi (Rome: Mascardi, 1666).

Essercitio divoto per la novena della santissima vergine Maria (Rome: Mascardi, 1666).

Le grandezze delle misericordie di Dio (autobiography). The work received a modern English translation as: St. Charles of Sezze: an autobiography, trans. Leonard Perotti (London: Burns & Oates, 1963).

Camino interno dell'anima sposa dell'humanito Verbo Christo Giesu (...) (Rome: Francesco Moneta, 1664). Available via Google Books.

Opera Omnia. In the wake of his canonization, most of his works were re-issued in a three-volume opera omnia edition: San Carlo da Sezze, O.F.M., Opere complete, Volume I: Le grandezze delle misericordie di Dio, Libri I-V, ed. Raimondo Sbardella (Rome, 1963); Opere complete, Volume II: Le grandezze delle misericordie di Dio, Libri VI- VII. Grazzie ottenute dal SS. Sacramento, da S. Anna e da S. Salvatore da Horta. Viaggio a Loreto, La Verna, Assisi, Rieti, ed. Raimondo Sbardella (Rome, 1965); Opere complete, Volume III: Trattato delle tre vie. Canti spirituali. Novene, ed. Raimondo Sbardella (Rome, 1967).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 256; J. Heerincks, ‘Les écrits du B. Charles de Sezze’, AFH 28 (1935), 324-344; Raphael Brown, The Wounded Heart: St. Charles of Sezze (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1960; Raimondo Sbardella, ‘S. Carlo da Sezze grande mistico e maestro di spirito’, Frate Francesco 63 (1996), 29-42; Felice Accrocca, “Non mi nascosi mai de nessun povero’. San Carlo da Sezze e la povertà. Con disegni originali di Tommaso Brusca (Sezze: Centro Studi ‘S. Carlo da Sezze’, 1998); Massimiliano Di Pastina, La forza dell’umiltà. Dagli scritti di san Carlo da Sezze (S. Maria degli Angeli-Assisi: Edizioni Porziuncola, 1998); Marco Paggiossi, ‘I manoscritti di s. Carlo da Sezze con­servati nell’Archivio della Postulazione della Provincia Romana OFM’, AFH 93 (2000), 377-468 ; Nicola Gori, ‘La solitudine e il silenzio in san Carlo da Sezze’, Studi Francescani 99 (2002), 253-271 ; M. Paggiossi, ‘Le lettere di s. Carlo da Sezze del ms. S. Carlo 4 dell’Archivio della Postulazione della Provincia Romana ofm’, Frate Francesco n.s. 70/2 (2004), 435-440 ; Luigi Mantuano, Pensare in Dio. Carlo da Sezze. Presentazione di Alvaro Cacciotti, ofm, Collana i testi mistici, 4 (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice, 2005); La mistica parola per parola, ed. Luigi Borriello, Maria R. Del Genio & Tomás Spidlík (Milan: Ancora, 2007), 92.

Camilla Pio (1440-1504)

TOR & OSC. Italian Tertiary and Poor Clare, founder of a community of Poor Clares at Carpi.

literature

Mariafiamma Fabbri, Camilla Pio, contemplativa in azione (1440-1504) (S. Maria degli Angeli - Assisi, 2001). For more info see the Franciscan Women Internet Database

Camillus Angleria (Camillo Angleria, ca. 1580-1630)

TOR. Italian musician and musical theorist from Cremona. Pupil of Claudio Merulo da Correggio. Chapel master at the Medici court of Florence.

works

La Regola del contrappunto e della musical compositione (...) (Milano: Giorgio Rolla, 1622). The work was reprinted in: Bibliotheca Musica Bononiensis (Bologna: Forni, 1983) Section II, no. 59.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 249; R. Monterosso, Mostra bibliografica dei Musicisti cremonesi. Catalogo storico-critico degli autori (Cremona, 1951), 43-45, 123; Liliana Pannella, 'Angleria, Camillo', in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani III (1961) [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/camillo-angleria_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ ]

Camillus Bene (Camillo del Bene, fl. 1550)

OFM. Italian friar from Milan. Known for his Compendium Spiritualium Thesaurorum Seraphico Ordini Concessorum, which amounts to a work on indulgences and privileges granted to the order.

works

Compendium Spiritualium Thesaurorum Seraphico Ordini Concessorum (Rome, 1558).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 249; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186.

Camillus Caesareus (Camillo Cesareo d'Eboli, fl. 1550)

OFMConv. Italian friar from the Naples province. Preacher. Not to be confused with the contemporary law specialist known for his Legales propositiones ex difficilioribus juris Caesarei locis, recto ordine delectae

works

Dell'amicizia christiana. We have not yet been able to trace these.

Sermones. We have not yet been able to trace these.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 249; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186.

Candida de Cruce (Cándida de la Cruz, fl. early 17th cent.)

OSC. Spanish Poor Clare and one of the founders and member of the Montforte de Lemos monastery.

works

Mystical poetry. cf. S. Eijan, El franciscanismo en Galicia (El Eco Franciscano, 1930), 95-98; S. Eijan, La poesía franciscana (Santiago, 1936), 216-217.

literature

To be continued...

Candidus Brugnoli (Brognolus/Candido Brugnoli da Sarnico, 1607 - 1677)

OFMRef. Italian friar. Lector, preacher, and inquisitor in the Bergamo diocese. Born on 13 January 1607 at Sarnico, near Bergamo. Joined the Franciscan order in 1625, adopting the name Candido. Studied philosophy and theology and embarked on a career as preacher, lector, guardian, provincial definitor etc.., both in the Bergamo area, and elsewhere (Rome, 1647; Padua, 1648, etc.). In Padua and subsequently in Bergamo, he worked on his Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum, which was published for the first time in 1651 and had a large success, also thanks to the support of his order superiors, the inquisition and others, until it was finally forbidden by the Congregazione dell'Indice in September 1727. While teaching theology in Bergamo around 1653, he worked on various other publications, such as Il leone vittorioso, which called for a war against the Ottoman Turks, and the Speculum clericorum. Returning to issues already touched upon in his Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum, he issued in 1668 his two-volume Alexicacon.

works

Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum: Hoc est Tractatus de curatione et protectione divina (...) (Bergamo: 1651). Accessible via Google Books; Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum (...) (Lyon, 1658); Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum (Venice: Niccolo Pezzana, 1702). Accessible via Archive.org and via the Fondos Digitales of the Universidad de Sevilla [http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/4418/10/manuale-exorcistarum-ac-parochorum/ ]; Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum: hoc est tractatus de curatione, ac protectione divina: in quo reprobatis erroribus, verus, certus, securus, catholicus, apostolicus & evangelicus eiiciendi daemones (...) traditur (Venice: Niccolo Pezzana, 1714). Accessible via Google Books; etc.

Il leone vittorioso, che insegna à i principi, e vassali cattolici il vero modo d'impetrar da Dio sicura vittoria contra infedeli: preferuar se stessi: e cooperare all'assaltazione della nostra santissima fede (...) (Venice: Per il Baba, 1653).

Speculum clericorum tam saecularium quam regularium. In quo Omnia, quae eorum Mores, Privilegia, Obligationes, Sacramentorum, Sacramentaliumve susceptionem, & administrationem, ac Paenas Canonicas respiciunt, distinctis Resolutionibus iuxta prisca, ac nova Iura Pontificia dilucidè ac methodicè conspiciuntur (Venice: Franciscus Valuasensis, 1663/1664). 1663 edition available via Google Books.

Alexicacon. Hoc est de Maleficiis, ac Morbis Maleficis duobus tomis distributum, quorum alter quatuor de eorum cognitione disput, alter totidem de eorum curatione continet (...) ne dum Exorcistis, ac Medicis necessarium; sed Theologis, Philosophis, Concionatoribus, Confessariis, Parochis, Inquisitoribus, Iudicibus (...) utilissimum (...), 2 Vols. (Venice: Battista Catani, 1668/Venice: Niccolo Pezzana, 1714). Editions available via Google Books.

L'imagine del Re supremo (...) (Venice, 1669).?

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 249; D. Calvi, Scena letteraria de gli scrittori bergamaschi, 2 Vols. (Bergamo, 1664) II, 19; B. Vaerini, Gli scrittori di Bergamo o sia notizie storiche, e critiche intorno alla vita, e alle opere de'letterati bergamaschi (...), 2 Vols. (Bergamo: Vincenzo Antoine, 1788) I, 281; F. H. Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Bücher: ein Beitrag zur Kirchen- und Literaturgeschichte, 2 Vols. (Bonn: Cohen, 1883–1885) II, i, 220; J.J. Sbaralea, Supplementum et castigationes ad scriptores trium Ordinum S. Francisci a Waddingo aliisve descriptos (ed. Rome, 1936) III, 207; M. Petrocchi, Esorcismi e magia nell'Italia del Cinquecento e del Seicento (Naples, 1957), 21, 31-48; Lynn Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science, 8 Vols. (New York: 1923–1958) VIII, 558-565; Antonio Rotondò, 'BRUGNOLI (Brognolo, Brognoli, Brognolus), Candido', Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani XIV (1972) [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/candido-brugnoli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ ]; Ottavia Niccoli, ‘Esorcismi ed esorcisti tra Cinque e Seicento’, Società e Storia 32 (1986), 415; A. Biondi, ‘Tra corpo ed anima. Medicina ed esorcistica nel Seicento (l'Alexicacon di Candido Brugnoli)', in: Disciplina dell'anima, disciplina del corpo e disciplina della società tra medioevo ed età moderna, ed. Paolo Prodi (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1994), 397-416; Ottavia Niccoli, ‘L’esorcista prudente. Il ‘Manuale exorcistarum ac parochorum’ di fra Candido Brugnoli da Sarnico’, in: Il piacere del testo. Saggi e studi per Albano Biondi, ed. Adriano Prosperi et al., Europa delle corti. Centro studi sulle società di antico regime. Biblioteca del Cinquecento, 99, 2 Vols. (Rome: Bulzoni Editori, 2001) I, 193-215; Bert Roest, ‘Demonic Possession and the Practice of Exorcism: An exploration of the Franciscan Legacy’, Franciscan Studies 76 (2018), 301-340 [esp. 331-334.]

Candidus Chalippus (Candide Chalippe/Louis François Candide Chalippe, d. 1757)

OMRec. French friar from Paris. Member of the Recollect Saint-Denis province. Known for his influential La Vie de S. François d'Assise, instituteur de l'Ordre des Frères Mineurs, de celui de sainte Claire et du Tiers ordre de la Pénitence.

works

Oraison funèbre de l'illustrissime et eminentissime François de Mailly, cardinal (...) archevêque Duc de Reims, Premier Pair de France (...) prononcée dans l'Eglise Métropolitaine de Reims, le 19. Novembre 1722 par le P. Candide-Chalippe, Récollet (Paris: Raymond Mazieres, 1722). Accessible via the Bibliothèque Numérique de Lyon (check Numelyo) and via Google Books (does not always show up immediately).

Sermon sur les reliques et sur les miracles de saint Etienne, premier martyr, prêché dans l'église cathédrale de Meaux, le 3e jour d'aoust 1724, par le P. Candide Chalippe (...) (1724).

La Vie de S. François d'Assise, instituteur de l'Ordre des Frères Mineurs, de celui de sainte Claire et du Tiers ordre de la Pénitence. Avec l’histoire pariculiere des stigmates, des Eclaircissemens sur l’Indulgence de la Portioncule, des Réfléxions, & des Notes ; & une Préface sur le merveilleux de la Vie des Saints. Dédiée à la Reine. Par le P. Candide Chalippe, Récollet (Paris: Pierre Prault, 1728). Accessible via the digital collections of Ghent University Library, the Bibliothèque Numérique de Lyon (check Numelyo) and via Google Books; La Vie de S. François d'Assise, instituteur de l'Ordre des Frères Mineurs, de celui de sainte Claire et du Tiers ordre de la Pénitence (...) Nouvelle édition, augmentée du panégyrique du saint (...) et du bref de N.S.P. le Pape Pie VII sur la découverte du corps de S. François, faite à Assise en 1820, 3 Vols. (Avignon, 1824/1841/Paris, 1867/1874). For a modern English translation of this work, see: Candide Chalippe, The Life of St. Francis of Assisi (D. & J. Sadlier, 1882/latest imprint Mediatrix Press, 2019).

literature

Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 793; Fabienne Henryot, 'Portrait du récollet en écrivain au XVIIe siècle', in: Les récollets, en quête d’une identité franciscaine, actes du colloque de Paris, 1er-2 juin 2012, ed. C. Galland, F. Guilloux & P. Moracchini (Tours: PUFR, 2014), 219-233 [interesting article, yet it becomes once again clear that French scholars, either out of arrogance, or because they are unable to read the language, simply do not read the available English scholarly literature].

Candidus Ranzo (Candido Ranzo/Giovanni Agostino Ranzo, 1456-1515)

OMObs. Italian friar from Vercelli (Piemonte). Born on 28 August 1456 in a noble family connected with the dukes of Savoye. After studies in the liberal arts, he opted for a religious career, becoming a member of the cathedral chapter of Vercelli (1471). Embarked on studies of canon law at Turin. After finishing his studies, he renounced his chapter benefice in Vercelli and entered the Observant Franciscans in Turin (4 August, 1476), taking the name Candidus. After some time, he as sent out as preacher to Corsica, where he remained for several years and established reputation of personal sanctity and homiletic prowess. Eventually he was called to Varallo, to assist Bernardino da Caimo in the construction of the Sacro Monte di Varallo. He left Varallo in 1509, to go to the San Giorgio Canavese convent in the Turin province. He would have refused the offer of an episcopate, offered to him by his cousin, cardinal Mercurino Gattinara. Candidus died at Valperga (17 September 1515), away from his convent, on his way to hear the confession of an ill person. His corpse eventually was buried in the church of the San Giorgo Canavese convent. His tomb became a pilgrim site. In the course of his life, Candidus produced several works. For the spiritual instruction of the laity, he would have written Lo stato spirituale del mondo, a work in three parts, the first of which dealt with the errors of the world, the second of which dealt with the miserable human condition, and the third of which dealt with the falling standards of religious discipline (did this work survive?). He also produced a devotional work, entitled Salutationi alla gloriosa Vergine Maria Madre d’Iddio e nostra avvocata, consisting of invocations that can be recited before saying Pater Noster and Ave Maria prayers. Together, these invocations provide a spiritual comment on the seven ‘Allegresses’ (joies) of Mary.

works

Salutationi alla gloriosa Vergine Maria Madre d’Iddio e nostra avvocata, edited with additional prayers in B. Cimarella, ‘Vita del beato Frate Candido Ranzo’, in: Croniche degli Ordini Instituiti dal P.S. Francesco, 4th Part, Vol. 3 (Naples, 1680), 723-749.

Lo stato spirituale del mondo.

vitae

B. Cimarella, Vita del beato Frate Candido Ranzo, in: Croniche degli Ordini Instituiti dal P.S. Francesco, 4th Part, Vol. 3 (Naples, 1680), 723-749.

Francesco Ranzo, Vita del beato Candido Ranzo di Vercelli (Turin: Giovanni Domenico Tarino, 1600). Accessible via Google Books and via the collections of the British Library.

literature

Wadding, Annales Minorum XV (Quaracchi, 1933), 559-560 (ad an. 1515, no. 15); Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 249-250; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186 & Sbaralea, Supplementum I, 199; B. Cimarella, ‘Vita del beato Frate Candido Ranzo’, in: Croniche degli Ordini Instituiti dal P.S. Francesco, 4th Part, Vol. 3 (Naples, 1680), 723-749; H. Corrado, Almae Taurinensis Provinciae (…) Historica et Chronologica Synopsis (Turin, 1856), 117; Martyrologium Franciscanum (Vicenza, 1939), 365-366; DSpir XIII, 96-97.

Carolina de Minut (Charlotte de Minut, fl. late 16th cent.)

OSC. French Poor Clare and abbess of the Poor Clares of Toulouse. Known for her publication of works by her brother, and works of her own that discussed the political and religious problems of France in the context and aftermath of St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. She also asked Pope Sixtus V and Catherine de Medici for financial support to protect and restore her monastery.

works

Religious-Political works. See Susan Broomhall, ''In my opinion': Charlotte de Minut and Female Political Discussion in Print in Sixteenth-Century France', Sixteenth Century Journal 31:1 (2000), 25-45.

literature

Susan Broomhall, ''In my opinion': Charlotte de Minut and Female Political Discussion in Print in Sixteenth-Century France', Sixteenth Century Journal 31:1 (2000), 25-45.

Carolinus Grimaldus (Carlinus de Grimaldis/Carlino Grimaldo, fl. 14th cent.?)

OM. Italian friar from Genoa. While working as a missionary in Asia, he would have sent to his guardian in Genoa an account of the martyrdom of Monaldo Anconitano, Francesco Petrillo and Antonio da Milano, who were killed by Muslims in 1314.

works

Relatio martyrii, actuumque Fratrum Monaldi Anconitani, Francisco de Petrillo & Antonii Mediolanensis.

literature

Raffaele Soprani, I scrittori della Ligvria: e particolarmente della maritima (Genoa: Pietro Giovanni Calenani, 1667), 67; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 250; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186.

Carolus Abbatisvillensis (Charles d’Abbéville/Duval, fl. 17^th cent.)

OFMCap. French friar.

works

Traité du Sacrement de Mariage, contenant des avis aux personnes mariées (Paris, 1659).

literature

DThCat. II, 2272; François César Louandre, Biographie d'Abbeville et ses environs, 80.

Carolus Angelini (Carlo Angelini da S. Costanzo, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFMConv. Italian friar. Entered the order in Fossombrone and later transferred to Pesaro. Studied at the Collegium S Bonaventurae in 1631 to become regent in Fano in 1635 and subsequently Regent in Verona. In 1641, he was regent of the Pavia studium. After a short stint as vice-secretary of the general of the order, he became involved with the management of the friary of Pavia in 1642, of Fano in 1643, and of Bologna in 1644. In 1646 he was elected provincial minister of the Piceno province. Later in life visitator studium in the provinces of Bologna and Tuscany, long-term guardian of Pesaro, and he was throughout his life active as a preacher. He might have died in Pesaro or Fossombrone as late as 1670.

works

I primi rudimenti di penitenza (Pesaro: Giovanni-Paolo Gotti, 1648).

De motu perpetuo, & mechanicis. Never printed?

literature

Giovanni Franchini, Bibliosofia e memorie letterarie di scrittori Francescani conventuali Ch'hanno scritto dopo 'Anno 1585 (Modena: Eredi Soliani Stampatori, 1693), 142-143; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186.

Carolus Antonius Barbetti (Carlo Antonio Barbetti da Modena, d. 1740)

OFMCap. Italian Capuchin friar from the Lombardy province. He died in Carpi in 1740. Known for an ars moriendi, comprising religious exercises to be done when in health, when ill, and when close to death.

works

La morte maestra della vita in ordine al ben morire, ovvero Esercizio di un triduo ridotto in pratica, disteso, e indirizzato da un religioso cappuccino a chi aspira di anticipatamente disporsi per una santa morte, diviso in tre parti (...) (Reggio: Vedrotti, 1730).

literature

Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 782; Giovanni Pozzi & Paolo Prodi, I Cappuccini in Emilia-Romagna: storia di una presenza (EDB, 2002), 166; Mors certa, hora incerta. Tradiciones, representaciones y educación ante la muerta, ed. Sara Gonález Gómez, Iván Pérez Miranda & Alba María Gómez Sánchez (Salamanca: FahrenHouse, 2016) 243 (no. 181) [appendix to the essay of Elisabetta Patrizi, 'The Artes moriendi as Source for the History of Education in Modern History. First Research Notes'].

Carolus Antonius de Samoclevo (Carlo Antonio Malanotti da Samoclevo, d. 1777)

OFMRef. Italian friar from the Trento province. Took part in the general chapter of Valencia (1768) and was elected general procurator for his order. He was still/again procurator when he died in Rome in 1777.

works

Oratio de augustissimo Trinitatis mysterio a R. adm. P. Carolo Antonio à Samoclevo reformatæ Provinciæ Tridentinæ lectore emerito (...) habita in regali conventu (...) Valentiæ die 29 Maji 1768 (Valencia: Ex typographia Benedicti Monfort, 1768).

Lettera enciclica a tutti i riformati cismontani. Check!

literature

Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 826.

Carolus Arembergensis (Carolus de Aremberg/Karel van Arenberg/Anton van Arenberg/Charles Antoine d'Arenberg/Charles de Bruxelles, 1593-1669)

OFMCap. Belgian friar. Anton was the fifth son of a German high noble family (father, Count Karel van Arenberg, also known as Charles the Ligne (Prince of Arenberg, Duke of Croy and Lord of Aarschot) and mother Anne-Isabelle de Croÿ-Chimay). He renounced his wealth, his titles (Prince of Aremberg and Count of Seneghem) and inheritance to join the Capuchin order in 1616 in Louvain, adopting the name Karel/Charles. Provincial minister of the Flanders province, general definitor and general commissioner. Known for his Architectural and landscape designs in the Southern Low Countries (such as the renowned parc of Edingen), and for his designs for the Capuchin monastery of Tervuren (where he was the first guardian), the monastery where Isabella, the Spanish Archduchess and governess of the Low Countries also had a retreat of her own. Karel refused an episcopal see and also the chance to become cardinal. He died after a prolongued illness in Antwerp in 1669 (September 7?). He is predominantly known for his Flores Seraphici, a collection of biographical sketches of more than 700 Capuchin friars, based on the Annales Ordinis Minorum Capucinorum of Boverius. The Flores Seraphici contain a large number of full-page engravings designed by Johann Heinrich and Johann Eckard Löffler. Karel/Charles apparently also wrote for his nephew Filips-Frans Duke of Arenberg and Aerschot a family history of the Arenberg family: Marques des grandeurs et splendeurs de la maison souveraine des ducs d'Arenberg (...) (1660).

works

Flores seraphici ex amoenis Annalium hortis adm: R.P.F. Zachariae Bouerij Ord.: FF. Minorum S. Francisci Capucinorum: definitoris generalis collecti, sivi Icones, vitae et gesta virorum illustrium ... qui ab anno 1525. vsque ad annum 1612 in eodem Ordine, miraculis ac vitae sanctimoniâ claruêre, compendiosè descripta (Cologne: apud Constantinum Munich, 1640; Cologne: Apud Constantinum Munich, 1642). Other editions followed, as well as translations into Spanish (from 1669 onward). Accessible via the digital collections of the Österreichische Staatsbibliothek Vienna, the Biblioteca Nazionale of Naples, via Archive.org, Google Books and several other digital portals. The work consists of two parts in one volume (one devoted to Capuchins living between 1525 and 1580, and another one to those active betwen 1580 and 1612). The work is heavily illustrated

Clypeus Seraphicus, sive Scutum Veritatis in Defensionem Annalium Fratrum Minorum Capucinorum (Cologne, 1643).

Epilogus totius Ordinis Seraphici (1650). Also known as the Arbor seraphicae religionis. In fact a huge depiction of the Franciscan order tree. See the 2010 study of Servus Gieben.

Marques des grandeurs et splendeurs de la maison souveraine des ducs d'Arenberg écrit en l'an 1660 de la main propre dy Père Charles d'Arenberg (...) (1660). There exist several manuscript copies of this work. See the 2016 article by Mirella Marini.

Vitae et gesta virorum illustrium, ordinis fratrum minorum sancti Francisci capucinorum. In fact the same work as the Flores seraphici ex amoenis Annalium.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 250-251; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 186-187; Etudes Franciscaines 11 (1904), 138-148; Neerlandia Franciscana 1 (1914), 358-369; Analecta Ordinis Capuccinorum 34 (1918), 134-144; Frédegand d’Anvers, Étude sur le Père Charles d’Arenberg, frère mineur Capucin (Paris-Rome: Libr. Saint-François, 1919); Franciscaansch Leeven 20 (1937), 39-43; Lexicon Capuccinum, 348-349 [with additional references]; Jacques Descheemaeker, La maison d'Arenberg d'après les archives françaises (1969); Servus Gieben, L’Albero Serafico e Carlo de Arenberg, Iconographia Franciscana, 17 (Rome: Istituto storico dei Cappuccini, 2008). Review in Études franciscaines n.s. 3 (2010), 157-160; Mirella Marini, 'From Arenberg to Aarschot and Back Again: Female Inheritance and the Disputed 'Merger' of Two Aristocratic Identities', in: Dynastic Identity in Early Modern Europe: Rulers, Aristocrats and the Formation of Identities, ed. Liesbeth Geevers & Mirella Marini, Politics and Culture in Europe, 1650-1750 (London-New York: Routledge, 2016), 103-130. See also https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Arenberg

Carolus Augustinus Berardi de Oneglia (Carlo-Agostino Berardi/Carlo Agostino d'Oneglia, fl. later 18th cent.)

OFMCap. Italian friar. Born at Oneglia. Took the habit in the Piemonte province. Lector and preacher. Left an Italian cycle of 100 sermons behind.

works

Centenario d’orazioni sacre distribuite per ciascun mese dell'anno ed in due tomi divise, 2 Vols. (Lucca, 1782).

literature

Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 848; A. Teetaert, ‘Berardi’, DHGE VIII, 329.

Carolus Belleus (Carolus Billaeus/Carlo Belleo da Ragusa, d. 1580)

OFMConv. Italian friar from Sicily. Brother of Teodoro Belleo (professor of medicine at Palermo, Bologna and later at Padua). Carlo joined the Conventuals and lived and worked for a while at the San Francesco friary of Ragusa. Regent of the Pisa Gymnasium in 1558. He taught metaphysics at the Catania university and later philosophy at Padua university (also mathematics?). Between January and December 1568, he was for a short while provincial minister. Among other things, he published a Dialogo per la Gerusalemme di Torquato Tasso, and after his death was issued De secundarum intentionum natura tractatus.

works

Dialogo in difesa della Gerusalemme di Torquato Tasso (Venice: Aldo, ?). Check Le opere di Carlo e Teodoro Belleo, ed. Mario Pavone (Ragusa: Centro Studi G.B. Hodierna, 1992).

Carmina varia. Check Le opere di Carlo e Teodoro Belleo, ed. Mario Pavone (Ragusa: Centro Studi G.B. Hodierna, 1992).

De multiplici sensu Sacrae Scripturae Tractatus. Check Le opere di Carlo e Teodoro Belleo, ed. Mario Pavone (Ragusa: Centro Studi G.B. Hodierna, 1992).

De secundarum intentionum natura tractatus (1589). The full title of this work, published posthulously, is: Fratris Caroli Billei Siculi primam philosophiam in florentissimo patavino gymnasio publice profitentis de secundarum intentionum natura tractatus, ed. Niccolò Oddo (Venice: Francisco dei Francisci Senese, 1589). Accessible via Google Books and via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. A work that shows Belleo's Scotist leanings. Niccolò announced in the dedicatory letter to this work that he also intended to issue another work by Carlo Belleo, namely his Formalitates (possibly based on lectures), yet that apparently never happened.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 251; Francesco Costa, ‘Su una ‘ricostruzione’ biografica del P.M. Carlo Belleo da Raguza OFMConv, metafisico scotista dell’Università di Padova’, Miscellanea Francescana 99 (1999), 670-711; Francescanesimo e cultura a Noto, 49, 50, 53; M. Corselli, 'Carlo Belli: appunti per un itinerario biografico', in: Francescanesimo e cultura in Sicilia (secc XIII-XVI). Atti del convegno internazionale di studio nell'ottava centenario della nascità di San Francesco d'Assisi (Palermo, 7-12 marzo 1982) (Palermo, 1987); Le opere di Carlo e Teodoro Belleo, ed. Mario Pavone (Ragusa: Centro Studi G.B. Hodierna, 1992); Giuseppe Roccaro, 'Aspetti della filosofia del p. Carlo Belleo', in: Francescanesimo e cultura negli Iblei: atti del convegno di studio, ed. Carolina Miceli & Diego Ciccarelli (Palermo: Officina di Studi Medievali, 2006), 221ff.

Carolus Bergallus (Carlo Bergalli da Palermo, f. 17th cent.)

OFMConv. Italian friar from Palermo. Theologian, preacher and poet. Regent in several study houses, such as Monopoli, Messina, Naples and Assisi, and Lenten preacher. Guardian of the major Conventual friary of Palermo (elected in 1651, 1664, and 1666). Made provincial minister of Sicily in 1657 [1654?]. He died in Sicily (Palermo) on 17 November 1679.

works

As editor: Quaestio de adaequato Philosophiae naturalis objecto Francisci Antonii Blundi (Rome: Ludovico Grignani, 1637).

De obiecto Philosophiae (Perugia, 1649).

Davidiade A heroic religious poem. Never printed?

Poesis miscellanea. Never printed?

Tyrocinium medicae facultatis. Never printed?

literature

Giovanni Franchini, Bibliosofia e memorie letterarie di scrittori Francescani conventuali Ch'hanno scritto dopo 'Anno 1585 (Modena: Eredi Soliani Stampatori, 1693), 143-144; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 251; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 187; Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto per santita, dottrina e dignita fino a nostri giorni (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 713.

Carolus Bertrandus (Carolus Bertrand/Charles Bertrand, d. 1666)

OFM. Belgian (Flemish) friar. First a member of the Wallonia province and later in the St. Joseph province. Professor of Philosophy in Louvain and later lector of theology in several friaries. He apparently wrote several works on canon law, the Franciscan rule, the imaculate collection, on the theological harminization between Scotist and Thomist positions, and also on civil and penal law. For a long time these writings were kepr in the archives of the Recollect Franciscans in Ghent, with directions how to order them into an eleven-volume folio edition. Yet this apparently never happened. Most of these works seem to be lost and only a few are known by their title.

works

Problemata 25 circa Immaculatissimam Deiparae Conceptionem: MS once present in the Franciscan Archive in Ghent.

Manuale Delegationum, provisionumque apostolicarum in subsidium Ecclesiae Ordini Seraphico, ab initio, et deinceps per varios Summos Pontifices factarum, et post Tridentinum etiamnum hodie minime revocatarum sed in suo robore substistentium: MS Archives Franciscan monastery of St. Truiden.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, BUF I, 251-252; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 187; Pholianus Naessen, Franciscaansch Vlaanderen, of Levenschetsen van al de paters Minderbroeders-Recollecten die aan de voormalige Provincie van St. Josef, in het Graafschap Vlaanderen hebben toebehoord van 1629 tot 1797 (...) (Mechelen: Dierickx--Beke Zonen, 1896), 36.

Carolus Boulanger (Charles Boulanger/Le Boullanger/Charles de Paris, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFMCap. French parisian friar and member of the Parisian Capuchin province. Ascetical author. Not much is known about his life and career, but several of his works reached the printing press.

works

Paraboles.

L’exercice des trois clous d’amour et de douleur (Paris: Jean Camusat, 1635/1836). Attribution not secure, negated by Ubald d’Alençon. The work has also been ascribed to Martial d'Etampes. The Avant-Propos of the work (accessible via Google Books) alludes on p. 30 to 'le seraphique Pere sainct François', so it is probably a work from a Franciscan/Capuchin milieu.

Traité de l’union de l’amour avec Dieu (Paris, 1641/1646). Not sure whether this work can be ascribed to him.

Les dix solitudes du R. P. Charles Boullanger (Paris: Veuve Nicolas Bvon & Denys Thierry, 1645). Work available via Google Books and via the Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon. Dedicated to Henriette de Lorraine, abbess of the Royal Abbey of Soissons. The preface to the work hints at the production of other works. Likewise, a commendatory letter of the Capuchin minister general mentions other works of the author that had appeared already.

La journée de saint Paul.

La conduite du Saint-Esprit.

literature

Wadding, Scriptores (ed. Rome, 1906), 61; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 252; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. Rome, 1908) I, 200; Bernardo di Bologna, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Ordinis Minorum Capuccinorum (Venice, 1747), 58; V. Mills, ‘A bibliography of Franciscan ascetical writers’, The Franciscan Educational Conference/Franciscan Studies 8 (1926), 303; Ubald d’Alençon, ‘La spiritualité franciscaine. Les auteurs. La doctrine’, Études franciscaines 39 (1927), 594-495; Lexicon Capuccinum, 352; DHGE XXX (2010), 1380; Check Dictionnaire de Spiritualité IX, 454-455.

Carolus Bressani (Carlo Bressani di Acqui, d. 1725)

OFM. Italian Observant friar. For a considerable time he taught law at the University of Turin. Later provincial in the Albania province. Thereafter he retired to Zara/Zadar in Dalmatia.

works

Quaresimale quotidiano: MS. Check!

Traduzione coi commenti delle ore canoniche, della prima, terza, sesta e nona: MS. Check!

literature

Donato Babianich, Memorie storico-letterarie di alcuni conventi della Dalmazia (1845), 21; Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 767-768.

Carolus Coudenhove (fl. second half 17th cent.)

OFMRec. Dutch Recollect friar. Member of the Germania Inferioris province. Order historian.

works

Compilatio chronologica ex manuscriptis ac variis archivorum monumentis huius Almae Provinciae Inferioris Germaniae: MS Wert, Prov. Archief Minderbroeders, s.n. There was apparently also a copy present in the order archives in Madrid.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 252; Archief voor de geschiedenis van het aartsbisdom Utrecht (1901), 303

Carmina in honorem S.P.N. Francisci & Sacri Montis Alvernae, apparently included in: Rime spirituali di diversi autori in lode del serafico P. S. Francesco, e del sacro monte della Verna, ed. Silv. da Poppi (Florence [Rome?], 1625).

Sermones Quadragesimales: MS Rome, Barberini lat. 4488. A substantial sermon collection from his time as bishop of Città della Pieve.

Theodia, sive Hymnodia de Deo quindecim strophis comprehensa/Theodia con parafrase e comento. Scorta infallibile alla cognizione e all'amore di Dio Ottimo Massimo e al felice regimento della vita humana (Rome: Lodovico Grigano, 1635). Accessible via the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence and via Google Books.

Rettorica e poetica ecclesiastica, e ciuile. Nella quale si pone, e si dichiara la Diffinizione della Poesia comune alla Tragedia, e all'Epopeia (...) di fra Celso Zani de' Minori (...) (Rome: Lodovico Grignani, 1643). This work is accessible via the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence, the Biblioteca Alessandrina in Rome, and via Google Books [presented in Google Books as a work by Giuliano Zani, look under that author's name]. A manuscript (autograph?) version of the work can be found in MS. Rome, BAV, Barberini, lat. 3785.

Galba Tragedia di Giuliano Zani, Ora Fra Celso Zani de'minori osservanti (Rome: Ludovico Grignani, 1646/Rome: Heredi di Manelso Manelsi, 1653). Accessible via the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma, the Biblioteca Alessandrina in Rome, and via Google Books.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 258; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 189; Harry Caplan & Henry H. King, ‘Latin Tractates on Preaching: A Book-List’, The Harvard Theological Review 42:3 (Jul., 1949), 200; Joseph Grisar, 'Päpstliche Finanzen, Nepotismus und Kirchenrecht unter Urban VIII', in: Miscellanea Historiae Pontificiae, ed. Xenia Piana, VII (Rome: Herder, 1943), esp. 259-260. Check also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Zani

Chatarinus de Veneto († after 1378)

OM. Italian friar. Sent to a studium generale for a lectorate course by his Venetian superiors (ca. 1322). Degree studies at Paris (at least until 1335). Lector in Naples (mentioned in 1343) and Bologna. Provincial minister (Marchia Tarvinia). Guardian in Venice in 1378. Author?

literature

C. Piana, Chartularium, AF, 11 (1970), 14-15, n. 19.

Cherubina Astier (Cherubina d’Astier de Tarascon/Chérubine de Saint-Benoit de Tarascon, 1630-1708)

OSCCap. French Capuchin nun. Known for a series of theological works, reflections and sermons. Most well-known is her theology on the hierarchy of angels.

works

To be continued...

vitae

Paul Bois, La vie de la Mère Chérubine de Saint-Benoit de Tarascon (Avignon: Joseph Payen, 1757)

literature

To be continued...

Cherubinus Bellus de Terra Nova (Cherubino Bello da Terra Nova/Girolamo Belli, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFMRef. Italian (Sicilian) friar from Terranova. Member of the Riformati Val di Noto province. Studied theology and canon law. Fulfilled several charges in his province, including that of provincial definitor. Religious poet and drammatical author.

works

Ergasto, Idillio primo (Palermo: Decio Cirillo & Angelo Orlando, 1616). Published prior to his entry in the order. Published under the name of Girolamo Belli.

Idillio Pastorale (1617). Same work as the previous one?

La Clori. Favola Pastorale (Palermo: Decio Cirillo & Angelo Orlando, 1618/Cuneo: Strabella, 1618). Published prior to his entry in the order. Published under the name of Girolamo Belli.

Le lagrime di Maria Vergine nel Calvario (Palermo: Cirillo & Orlando, 1617/1635). Initially published prior to his entry in the order. Published under the name of Girolamo Belli.

L'agnese, Tragedia Sacra (Palermo: Niccolò Bua e Portanova, 1646).

Il Nascimento del Bambino Giesù. Azione Drammatica (Palermo: Giuseppe Bisagno, 1652/Palermo: Coppola, 1663).

Somma di Casi di Coscienza. This work was apparently never printed, due to the death of the author. The whereabouts of the manuscript are unknown.

literature

Vincenzo Coronelli, Biblioteca universale sacro-profana, antico-moderna (...) V, 883; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 258; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 189; Giammaria Mazzuchelli, Gli scrittori d'Italia cioè Notizie storiche, e critiche intorno alle vite, e agli scritti dei letterati italiani II, ii, 670.

Cherubinus de Aurelia (Cherubinus Aurelianus/Chérubin d'Orléans/François Lasséré, d. 1697)

OFMCap. French friar. Member of the Touraine province, astronomer and mathematician, mechanics and optics specialist. Born in 1613, he took the habit at the age of 15. Part of his adult life member of the Lussère friary. He died in Tours in 1697. Was a productive author of works on astronomy, optics and various mechanical devices, several of which are now on display in the natural history museum of FLorence (alongside of those by Galileo Galilei) and in the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris. To some extent, he was able to pursue his interests because of material support by the royal court of France.

works

De telescopio binoculo; de machina theleographica; de natura et constructione telescopii .../De Impenetrabilitate Vitri, de Teloscopio Binoculo, de Machina Telosgraphica . De natura & constructione Teloscopii, de Microscopio binoculo, de Visione Perfecta, sive de amborum visionis axium concursu in eodem objecti puncto (Paris, 1670/Rome, 1679).

La Dioptrique oculaire ou la Théorique, la positive, et la méchanique de l'oculaire dioptrique en toutes ses espèces (Paris: Thomas Jully & Simon Benard, 1671). Accessible via the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence, the University Library of Ghent, the Bibliothèque Numérique of Lyon (check Numelyo), the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

L'Effets de la force de la contiguité des corps par lesquelles répond aux experiences de la crainte xu Vuide, & à celles de la Pesanteur de l'Air (Paris: Louis Lucas, 1679/1689). The 1689 edition is accessible via the British Library and via Google Books.

La Vision Parfaite: Ou Le Concours Des Deux Axes De La Vision En Un Seul Point De L'Objet (Paris: Sebastien Mabre-Cramoisy/Paris: Edmé Couterot, 1681). These editions are accessible via Gallica, the Narodni Knihovna National Library in Prague & Google Books (title search).

L'Experience Justifiée, Pour L'Elevation Des Eaux, par un nouveau moyen à tel hauteur, & en telle quantité que ce foit, proportionnant la force. Par Messire I. E. M. C. D. O. (Paris: Francois Mugnet, 1681). Accessible via the Österreichische Staatsbibliothek in Vienna, via Google Books, Europeana.eu and various other portals.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 258; Floriano Toselli, Bibliotheca scriptorum Ordinis minorum S. Francisci Capuccinorum, 61; S.N., 'Il telefono senza fili e un Cappuccino', Annali Francescani 43 (1912), 451-452; S.N., 'Le P. Cherubin et la Téléphonie sans fil (XVII siècle', Annales Franciscanes 69 (1933), 150; Lexicon Capuccinum (1951), 142.

Cherubinus de Boliaco (Cherubino da Bogliaco, fl. second half 18th cent.)

OFMCap. Italian friar. He studied at Bresia under Viatore da Coccaglio and later at Trenzano under Carlo da Brescia. He held several guardian positions between 1765 and 1783. In between he taught as lector/professor of theology at Salò, Cologne and elsewhere. Renowned preacher.

works

Lettere: two long letters included in Carteggi dei P.P. Viatore e Bonaventura da Coccaglio, fratelli cappuccini sopra un empio scritto "Solenne concio-abbiura (...)" (Brescia: Bossini, 1761), 254ff, 272ff.

Cursus philosophiae et theologiae, 3 Vols. Never printed.

literature

Catalogus Scriptorum Ordinis Minorum S. Francisci Capuccinorum, ab anno 1747 usque ad annum 1852, sive Appendix ad Bibliothecam Scriptorum Capuccinorum a P. Bernardo Bononiensi (...) (Rome: Gaetano A. Bertinelli, 1852), 18. Check als Enciclopedia Bresciana [http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=CHERUBINO_da_Bogliaco]

Cherubinus de Correggio (Cherubino di Correggio/Cherubino da Correggio, d. 1728)

OFMCap. Italian friar. Lector in the Parma province, provincial minister of the Lombardy province (3 times?)preacher and in 1669 army chaplain in the papal forces led by the Duke of Mirandola against the Ottoman Turks. Known for his Solitudine Serafica (1706).

works

Solitudine serafica, ovvero Esercizii spirituali secondo il vero spirito di s. Francesco (Piacenza: Bazachi, 1706).

literature

Girolamo Tiraboschi, Biblioteca modenese o Notizie della vita e delle opere degli scrittori natii degli stati del serenessimo signor duca di Modena II (Modena: La Società Tipografica, 1782), 97; Cimarosto Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che forirono nel francescano istituto per santita, dottrina e diguita fino a nostri giorni (Venice: G.B. Merb, 1846), 378; Bernardus de Bologna, Bibliotheca Scriptorum OFMCap, 62; DSpir II, 822; Leggendario Cappuccino II, 50; Enciclopedia Cattolica III, 1413; Lexicon Capuccinum (1951), 392 (with additional references).

Cherubinus de Maurienne (Cherubinus Maurianenssis/Chérubin de Maurienne/Alexandre Fournier, 1566-1610)

OFMCap. French friar from Saint-Jean. Active in France, and Switzerland. Missionary in the Savoy region and collaborator of Francisco de Sales. Religious controversialist (especially known for his disputation at Thonon). He died in Turin on 20 July 1610, on his way to Rome to explain to the pope the state of affairs in the religious frontier regions in Savoy and Switzerland.

works

Lettres. Several letters of Chérubin have been included in A. Pératé, 'La mission de François de Sales dans le Chablais. Documents inédits tirés des archives du Vatican', Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire 6 (1886), 333-415.

Dispute entre le P. Chérubin et Hermann Lignarius, professeur de théologie à Genève. See on this first of all Pièces relatives à la Dispute entre le Conseil de Genève et le père Chérubin de Maurienne, capucin: MS Geneva, Bibliothèque Municipale, Fr. 8., as well as Dispute entre le P. Chérubin et Hermann Lignarius, professeur de théologie à Genève, précédée d'une lettre historique du baron de S. Michel (Lyon, 1598). See also the account of one of his opponents and the accounts published on the encounter by Palma Cayet, who was instead on the Catholic side: Herman Ligaridus, Response de Herman Lignaridus, à certaine lettre imprimée, en laquelle le S. d'Auuly s'est essayé de représenter la dispute entre iceluy Herman & Cherubin, moine de la secte des Capucins (1598); Palma Cayet, La conference accordée entre les prédicateurs Catholiques de l'ordre des Capuccins & les ministres de Genève. la ou l'on void, comment ceux de Genève désirent d'estre instruits, & revenir au giron de nostre mère saincte Église (Paris, 1598); Idem, La suitte et conclusion de la conférence tenue à Thonon entre les révérens pères Cappucins, & les ministres de Genève (Paris, 1599).

Traité dogmatique sur le jubilé et les indulgences (1602). Connected with and distributed during the devotion of the 40 heures de Thonon.

literature

Fidelle de Tallissieux, Missions des Capucins en Chablais, en Valois et en Suisse: MS ?; Jean-Louis Grillet, Dictionnaire historique, litteraire et statistique des départemens du Mont-Blanc et du Léman (...) III (Chambéry: J.F. Puthod, 1807), 283-284; Abbé Truchet, Vie du père Chérubin de Maurienne de l'ordre des frères mineurs capucins (Chambéry, 1880). Available via BnF Gallica; Travaux de la société d'histoire et d'archéologie de la Maurienne (Savoie) 4:3 (1876), 385-386; DThCat II, 2360-2361; Jean de Gognin, 'Un ami et collaborateur de saint François de Sales, le Père Chérubin de Maurienne, capucin', Études franciscaines (1935), 14-80; Lexicon Capuccinum (1951), 392 (with additional references); Scott M. Manetsch, Theodore Beza and the Quest for Peace in France: 1572 - 1598 (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2000), 310, 321f.; John Calvin and Roman Catholicism: Critique and Engagement, Then and Now, ed. Randall C. Zachman (Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing, 2008), 114.

Cherubinus de Neapoli (Cherubinus Neapolitanus/Cherubino da Napoli, fl. ca. 1600)

OFMRef. Italian friar. Member of the Santa Lucia del Monte friary.

works

Campidoglio dell'Alba (Naples: Giovanni Domenico Roncaglioli, 1629). This peculiar work of religious edification is accessible via the Biblioteca Complutense in Madrid and via Google Books.

literature

Giovanni Franchini, Bibliosofia e memorie letterarie di scrittori Francescani conventuali Ch'hanno scritto dopo 'Anno 1585 (Modena: Eredi Soliani Stampatori, 1693), 148; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259.

Cherubinus de Nicia (Cherubinus Niciensis/Cherubino da Nizza, d. 1631)

OFMCap. Italian friar from Piedmont. He died in San Romolo (present-day commune of Sanremo) in 1631.

works

Relazione del Monastero di S. Maria delle Grazie.

Vita di Frà Pietro Vento.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 190; Francisco Agostino della Chiesa, Catalogo de' scrittori piemontesi, savoiardi e nizzardi, 213.

Cherubinus de Noci (Cherubinus de Nucibus/Cherobino da Noci, d. 1592)

OFMCap. Italian friar. Member of the Apulia (Bari) province: preacher and two-times provincial minister (1566, 1577). Also general commissioner for the Parisian province. He died as in the Aquaviva friar on 25 March 1592. He published under pseudonym works on sacramental and moral theology.

works

De sacramentali confessione (Naples, 1596). published anonymously.

De passione Domini, ejusque meditatione (Naples, 1598).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 190 & (ed. 1908) I, 203; Boverio, Annales II, 481-485; Flores Seraphici II, 91-95; Salvatore, Cappuccini nelle Puglie, 236-239, 284; Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto per santita, dottrina e dignita fino a'nostri giorni (Venice: B. Merlo, 1846), 470; DSpir II, 823; Gaetano Melzi, Dizionario di opere anonime e pseudonime di scrittori italiani III, 3; Lexicon Capuccinum (1951), 393 (with additional references).

Cherubinus de Spoleto (Cherubinus Senensis/Cherubino da Spoleto/da Siena/da Negroponte, 1414-1484)

OMObs. Greek/Italian friar. Would have been born in 1414 on the Greek isle of Negroponte (Eubea), then under Venetian control. Was taught by a Friar Minor in a local grammar school. Entered the Franciscan order in Spoleto in 1432. Became active as a preacher with a reputation for appreciating profane poetry and related forms of secular literature. After rebukes from within the order (notably by Giovanni Buonvisi da Lucca), Cherubino started to model his sermons on the homiletic examples of Bernardino da Siena (in one of his own ‘work’ manuscripts, Cherubino copied down anonymous sermons, alongside of sermons by Roberto Caracciolo, Giacomo della Marca, Antonio da Bitonto et.al. In his early preaching career, he also made abbreviations of Bernardino da Siena’s sermons. Cf. Cenci, 1971, p. 640). Between 1441 and 1484, he embarked on long preaching tours throughout the Italian peninsula. In his sermons, as well as in his other pastoral activities, he promoted Eucharist devotion, campaigned for papal recognition indulgences for praying the Office of the Virgin (la corona francescana mariana), and established a series of confraternities to this purpose. Also stimulated the solemn bestowal of last sacrament rites to ill people (lest they should die unshriven), engaged in social work (including the foundation of a Monte di pietà in Prato (1476), and the distribution of food in Perugia (1457-58)), and was involved with the (not always competely successful) implementation ow new community statutes and sumptuary laws in Assisi (1452/1456), Foligno (1454), and Perugia (1458). On 12 May 1457, pope Calixt II appointed Cherubino alongside of Antonio da Montefalco as crusade preacher (against the Turcs. See also Bullarium franciscanum II, nos. 305 etc.). Most famous are Cherubino's quaresimal and Advent preaching cycles in Siena (1477 & 1478), Assisi (1479 and 1480, as well as possibly Advent 1478), Perugia (1479 & 1480), and Ferrara (Advent, 1482). On 19 November 1473, Sixtus IV made him apostolic preacher, giving Cherubino free range to preach wherever he wanted, with the help of four friars of his own choosing. In 1482, he became involved with the immacuate conception controvery, which had started again after remarks made by the Dominican Vincenzo Bandelli da Castelnuovo. Cherubino defended in this the Franciscan position along Scotist lines. 1484, he was elected definitor for his order (on the general chapter of Alverna). He died in the Santa Maria degli angeli convent, near Assisi, on the fourth of August, 1484. He is commemorated as a beatus in the Franciscan Martyrologium.

works

Sermones Quadragesimales: MSS Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale, V.H.378 ff. 135r-139v; VI.F.12 ff. 43r-48r; VIII.A.7; VIII.A.9; VIII.A.21; VIII.AA.20; VIII.AA.30. [sermons, part of his Sermones Quadragesimales]; Florence, Biblioteca Laurenz. Medic. plut. 76, cod. 52 [same Cherubino?: 'Fr. Cherubino predicatore excellentissimo']. For the ‘sermon treatises’ derived from these sermons, see also DBI XXIV, 451. For editions, see: Sermones quadragesimales de moribus christianis, ed. Serafino da Mantua (s.l., ca. 1500 [?]; Sermones Quaragesimales, ed. Stefano di Mantova (Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, 1502/Venice, 1511 [check!]). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibiothek, Google Books and other digital portals. See also Giorgia Proietti, 'A monte del Quadragesimale di Cherubino da Spoleto. Il Sermo de innominabili vicio sodomie (studio e edizione)', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 113 (2020), 81-117 [Just like many other Observant friars, Cherubino’s Quadragesimal sermons have a strong didactic and catechetical character. In the 1502 Venice editions, 91 sermons are grouped together into small treatises on individual dogmatic, moral, and spiritual issues but following the liturgical calendar (much like the semons of Bernardino da Siena!), but this organisation is due to the editor who brought the work to press, and does not say much about the sequence of sermons in Cherubino's actual preaching career. The Sermones Quadragesimales also contain sermones ad status, specifically directed at the various social classes, and at women, youth, married people, city people etc. For an edition of a sermon on sodomy in this collection, see Giorgia Proietti, 'A monte del Quadragesimale di Cherubino da Spoleto. Il Sermo de innominabili vicio sodomie (studio e edizione)', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 113 (2020), 81-117.]

Sermoni sull'Indulgenza della Porziuncola, edited in: Daniele Solvi, 'Tre sermoni di Cherubino da Spoleto sull'Indulgenza della Porziuncola', Franciscana 17 (2015), 225-307.

Passio Dominini nostri Yesu Christi carmine heroico: MS Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, cod. Z. 102 sup. (15th cent.). This is a staunchly anti-judaic passio, composed in 792 hexameters and divided into 12 'chapters'. The ascription to Cherubino is not totally secure, but is taken seriously by Mauro Donnino (2000 & 2013), and was earlier suggested by Oskar Kristeller and Stanislaus da Campagnola. The same manuscript contains an additional five poetic pieces that are possibly also the work of Cherubino (namely: Triumphus David prophete de victoria Christi resurgentis; De nomine Iesu; Contra Luciferum principem tenebrarum; Oratio ad Deum pro flagellis amovendis ab Italia; In laudem seraphici sancti Francisci patris nostri).

De Eruditione Liberorum/Tractatus de Cura Filiorum: MSS Naples, Naz. VIII.AA.30 ff. 79a-87d; Terni, Biblioteca Comunale 43 ff. 220v-232r. In fact a cluster of thematic sermons. See for an analysis the study of Giuliana Italiani (2000).

Tractatus de Honore Parentum: MSS Naples, Naz. VIII.AA.30 ff. 87d-93c [sermons, part of his Sermones Quadragesimales See: Cenci, Napoli (1971), 771ff.].

Tractatus de Obedientia: MSS Assisi, Biblioteca Comunale Cod. c. ff. 127v-135v. [sermons, part of his Sermones Quadragesimales].

De Honore Templorum: MS Naples, Naz. VIII.AA.30 ff. 93c-95c [sermons, part of his Sermones Quadragesimales].

Regula di Vita Spirituale/Regola della Vita Spirituale (Florence, 1477/Florence: Francesco Dino di Iacopo Fiorentino, 1487/Florence, 1490/Milan: Ulrich Scinzenzeler & Leonard Pachel, 1485); Regola di vita spirituale, composta dal beato frate Cherubino de Spoliti predicatore dottissimo, & divotissimo (1564); Regola della Vita Spirituale, ed. F. Zambrini (Imola, 1878); Sesta e settima regola spirituale: Orazione e mundificazione, ed. Mario Sensi, in: Mistici Francescani. Secolo XV, 451-505. [The Regola della Vita Spirituale, written before July 1, 1464, received at least 32 editions before the end of the nineteenth century. For the earliest editions, see also Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke, nn. 6593-6613 & Indice generale degli incunaboli delle Biblioteche d'Italia, nn. 2725-2743 The work provides seven rules for a proper Christian life. These rules deal with proper and improper thoughts, affections, words, labours, conversations, prayer, and purity of conscience. These Regola, together with the Regola della vita matrimoniale, figure among the most important pedagogical-spiritual works in the Italian vernacular during the early modern period.]

Regola della Vita Matrimoniale (Florence, 1477/Bologna: Platone Benedetti, 1489); Regole della vita matrimoniale (Rome: Vincenzo Lucrino, 1553); Regole della vita matrimoniale, ed. F. Zambrini & C. Negroni (Bologna, 1888); Regole della vita matrimoniale di frate Cherubino da Siena, Scelta di curiosità letterarie inedite o rare dal secolo XIII al secolo XVII, 228 (Bologna: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 1969) [a reprint of the 1888 edition]. The work is comparable with the Regula della Vita Spirituale, with which it was sometimes printed together. Roberto Rusconi, DBIXXIV, 450: ‘…le fonti, l’ispirazione, il modo di argomentare delle due Regole trovano piena corrispondenza con gli orientamenti di fondo della predicazione francescana osservante quattrocentesca, in un approccio che racchiude la vita spirituale del laicato devoto italiano tra pulpito e confessionale, all’interno di un programma etico-didascalico che C. ricollega esplicitamente alla predicazione bernardiana.’ Gabriella Zarri (1986), 156-157: ‘…i coniugi, come insegna Cherubino, sono chiamati a una vita di devozione; nell’ambito della famiglia l’istruzione della moglie avviene sotto la guida del marito: l’uomo dovrà insegnare alla donna, se questa non li conosce, le preghiere e i commandamenti, dovrà educarla alla confessione e indurla a frequentare le prediche, leggere con lei libri spirituali. In accordo con l’orientamento della pastorale francescana e con il carattere essenzialmente etico della Regola matrimoniale i libri consigliati da Cherubino sono prevalentemente di carattere morale: il Trattato sopra i peccati mortali di sant’Antonino e la Quadriga spirituale di Nicolò da Osimo; il religioso non manca tuttavia di raccomandare la Regola della vita spirituale da lui stesso composta, introducendo così anche nella vita familiare gli indirizzi della devotio. Questo trattato è infatti ordinato a dettare alcuni principi ascetici a predisporre all’orazione, vocale e mentale. Non a caso i libri la cui lettura è consigliata in questa Regola rientrano decisamente nella linea devota: ‘buoni libri a legiere per una persona non litterata sono questi: Climaco, Specchio della croce, Il monte dell’oratione, Il libro della patientia.’ (…) Prive di carattere precettistico (…) le Regole di Cherubino da Spoleto presuppongono pur sempre una condizione della vita familiare che non sia solo irreprensibile dal punto di vista morale ma che preveda un impegno nell’esercizio spirituale. La scala del paradiso ha il suo primo gradino tra le pareti domestiche…’

Tractatus de Temptationibus pro Personis Religiosis et Devotis: MS Assisi Biblioteca Comunale 443 ff. 127r-135v & 136r-146v. In fact clusters of sermons

Versi devotissimi de l’anima inamorata: MS Milan, Biblioteca Ambrodsiana cod. Z 102 sup.

Tractatus de re publica: MS Arch. di Stato dell'Aquila, MS 60. Ascribed but not secure and transmitted anonymously. [Cf. Cenci, Napoli (1971),60f, 770].

Tractatus de fide: MS Verona, Biblioteca Communale, 517-519. This work probably based on the first six sermons of the published Sermones Quadragesimales, yet compiled by a different person..

Omnibus edition: Vernacular reworkings of Cherubino's works have been gathered quite early in Conforto spirituale de’caminanti a porto di salute. Regole del vivere nel stato virginale e contemplativo. Regola e modo del vivere nel stato viduale. Versi devotissimi de l’anima inamorata in miser Jesu Christo (Venice: Melchior Sessa, 1505).

On letters and anecdotes, as well as on vernacular reworkings based on his writings, see DBI XXIV, 451-452.

literature

Wadding, Annales Minorum (Quaracchi, 1933) XIV, 426-430; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259-260; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 190-191 & (ed. Rome, 1908) I, 201-203; Zawart, 291; DSpir II, 824-825; DThCat. XIV, 2549f; Celestino Piana, 'Una crisi spirituale in Feo Belcari per l'Immacolata Concezione e una lettera inedita di fr. Cherubino da Spoleto (1482)', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 47 (1954), 450-456; Z. Zafarana, ‘Per la storia relig. di Firenze nel Quattrocento...’, Studi medievali, s. 3, 9:2 (1968), 1022, 1098ff; Cenci, Manoscritti francescani della Biblioteca nazionale di Napoli, 218 no. 123, 280 no. 148, 344 no. 183, 639f. no. 390, 648f. no. 391, 704f. no. 399, 748f. no. 423, 763f. no. 425; L. Lazzerini, ‘Per latinos grossos...’. Studio sui sermoni mescidati', Studi di filol. ital. 29 (1971), 236, 266, 276f; M. Sensi, ‘Predicazione itinerante a Foligno nel sec. XV’, Picenum seraphicum 10 (1973), 160-165, 183, 186; Stanislao da Campagnola, ‘Influssi umanistici sul francescanesimo umbro’, in: L'umanesimo umbro. Atti del IX Convegno di studi umbri (Perugia, 1977), 289-92, 295; R. Rusconi, `Cherubino da Spoleto', DBI XXIV (Rome, 1980), 446-453; Gabriella Zarri, ‘La vita religiosa femminile tra devozione e chiostro: testi devoti in volgare editi tra il 1475 e il 1520’, in: I frati minori tra ‘400 e ‘500, Atti del XII Convegno Internazionale Assisi, 18-19-20 ottobre 1984 (Assisi, 1986), 125-168; passim; Bernadette Paton, Preaching Friars and the Civic Ethos: Siena, 1380-1480 (London, 1992), 67-69; L. Canonici, ‘Fra Cherubino da Spoleto predicatore...’, Studi Francescani, 92 (1995), 107-126; Mauro Donnini, ‘Sulla “Passio Domini nostri Yesu Christi” di Cherubino da Spoleto’, in: Studi sull'Umbria medievale e umanistica: in ricordo di Olga Marinelli, Pier Lorenzo Meloni, Ugolino Nicolini, ed. Mauro Donnino & Enrico Menestò (Spoleto, 2000), 219-238; Giuliana Italiani, ‘Sul De eruditione liberorum di Cherubino da Spoleto’, in: Studi sull'Umbria medievale e umanistica: in ricordo di Olga Marinelli, Pier Lorenzo Meloni, Ugolino Nicolini, ed. Mauro Donnino & Enrico Menestò (Spoleto, 2000), 239-252; E.D. Swaan, Regole della vita matrimoniale. Een huwelijkstraktaat van fra Cherubino uit ca. 1450 Thesis (Leyden University, 2000); Amyrose McCue Gill, “Not as Enemies, but as Friends’: Sanctioned Sex in Frate Cherubino's ‘Regola della vita matrimoniale‘, Quaderni d'italianistica 1 (2009), 27-43; Mauro Donnini, ‘Sulla 'Passio Domini nostri Yesu Christi' di Cherubino da Spoleto’, in: Idem, Humanae ac divinae litterae: scritti di cultura medievale e umanistica (Spoleto, 2013), 371-390; Giorgia Proietti, 'A monte del Quadragesimale di Cherubino da Spoleto. Il Sermo de innominabili vicio sodomie (studio e edizione)', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 113 (2020), 81-117.

Cherubinus de Udine (Cherubino Sandolino/Cherubino d’Udine, fl. 16th- early 17^th cent.)

OFMCap. Italian friar. Born in 1530? Member of the Venice province. Astronomer and mathematician, known for his writings on solar clocks and other devices

works

Thaumalemma cherubicum catholicum, universalia, et particularia continens instrumenta, ad omnes arcus, & horas Italicas, Bohemicas & Gallicas diurnas, atque nocturnas dignoscendas, & ad componenda per universum orbem earum multiformia horologia praesertim Italica exquisitissimum (...) (Venice: Rubertus Meiettus, 1598). Accessible via Google Books, via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, and via http://www.europeana.eu.

Nova horologiorum inventio continens instrumenta universalia, et particularia ad omnes, horas, dignoscendas (...) F. Cherubino Sandolino Utinense (..) (Venice: Apud Rubertum Meiethum, 1599/ Venice: apud Rubertum Meiettum, 1600). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and Google Books.

Libro sopra la navigazione e cose matematice, etc.: MSS?

literature

Bernardus de Bononia, Bibliotheca Scriptorum OFMCap., 63; Juan de S. Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259; Sbaraglia, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 190 & (ed. 1908) I, 203; Sigismondo, Biografia Serafica, 537; Lexicon Capuccinum 394.

Cherubinus Fulginas (Cherubino da Foligno, fl. early 17^th cent.)

OFMRef. Italian (Umbrian) friar from the San Franceso Riformati province.

works

Corona di spine di Maria Vergine (Pavia, 1636). We are not sure as to whether this ascription is correct.

literature

Ippolito Marracci, Polyanthea Mariana: In Libros XVIII. Distributa (Cologne, 1684), 26; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 190.

Cherubinus Genuensis (Cherubino da Genova, d. 1687)

OFMCap. Italian friar. Lector of philosophy and theology in the Genoa province, as well as preacher.

works

Il Segno Reale de'Mantovani. Discorso Panegirico fatto in Mantova nel giorni dell'Invenzione del preziosissimo Sangue di Gesù-Cristo (Mantua: Hosannas, 1684).

Discorso di S. Longino fatto in Mantova nel giorno della sua festa (Mantua: Hosannas, 1684).

literature

Bibliotheca Scriptorum ordinis minorum S. Francisci capuccinorum retexta et extensa, 62; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 259.

Cherubinus Rijn (1570-1623)

OFMCap. Dutch friar.

literature

Hildebrand van Hooglede, ‘De eerste Hollandsche Kapucijnen: Br. Masseo Poenen of Poecen van Grave (1551/52-1622) en P. Cherubinus Rijn van Amersfoort (1570-1623)’, in: Idem, Miscellanea II, 1045-1051.

Christianus Borgsleben (Borxleben, ca. 1400-1484)

OM. German friar. Active in Erfurt and the Saxon province during the in the 1450s and 1460s. Guardian in Nordhousen, Lector and Preacher; translator for John of Capistran during the latter's German tour. He was a lector at the Nordhausen friary in 1440, when he received the licence to preach and hear confession. In the Summer semester of 1446, he became lector principalis at the Franciscan studium in Leipzig, which was associated with the university. Hence, Christian was immatriculated at the university to go up for his theology degree. He was Sententiarius in December 1446 and reached in 1449 the licentiate of theology. In 1452, he acted as a translator for Giovanni da Capistrano, when the latter was on a preaching tour through the German lands. Somewhat later, Christianleft Leipzig for a teaching position elsewhere: he was lector sacrae pagina in Nordhausen in 1457. That same year, he was also custos of the Thuringia custody. He also became the confessor of Count Heinrich von Stolberg, and in 1461 he apparently accompanied the count on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, also in the company of rector of Erfurt University, Hunold von Plettenberg. This might have helped Borgsleben to secure for himself a position at Erfurt, for in 1464, he is at the Franciscan studium of Erfurt, where he immatriculated at the university as 'Doctor Cristianus Borgsleyben'. In 1471 temporarily back in Leipzig, where he taught until 1480 and where he oversaw the degree studies of Johannes Roethaw and Vitus von Eilenburg. In 1482 again in Erfurt, where he assisted in the promotion of Johannes Heymstede, who subsequently succeeded him as regent master. In 1484, he is again custos, this time in Nordhausen, where he became involved with Observant reforms. He died sometime thereafter at Erfurt (probably from the Plague) and was buried in the Franciscan friary. Christian had a great reputation as a preacher, also because of his translation activities for Giovanni da Capistrano. He was praized for his homiletic prowess by his fellow friar Conrad Wimpina (fl. 17th cent.), wrote about him: 'Christianus Burcksleve natione Hirimius, patria Bergensis, Ordinis Minorum, Studio Lipzensis, vir rarissimae profecto laudis, ingenio acuto, eloquio diserto. Cuius comitate pellecta universa Saxonica provincia eundem non aliter quam olim Capistranum concionantem admirabatur. Qui cum in Lipzensi Gymnasio susceptis Doctoralibus insigniis, etiam Erfordensem scholam non parum tam scholasticis quam ad vulgus sermonibus ornavisset, post multa ab eo eleganter et ingeniose edita etiam ibidem quievit relictis posteris opusculis subnexis: Super sententias lib. II. Disputatarum Quaest. lib. I. Orationum ad Clerum lib. I. Sermones de tempore & Sanctis libb. II. Sermones per Quadragesimam lib. I. Claruit temporibus Sixti P.P. quarti A.D. 1401. (Found and cited from Buchwald, 'Die Ars Praedicandi', Franziskanische Studien 8 (1921), 67-68.

works

Quaestio: MS Görlitz Fol. 37 ff. 3a-9a [Inc: Utrum subiectum vel abstractum in scientia naturali habeat mobilitatem pro ratione subiectivalitatis. Et quod sic.; Expl: Et sic est finis huius Quaestionis editae et compilatae per Reverendum Patrum et Fratrem Christianum Borxleben Ordinis Fratrum Minorum S. Theologiae professorem eximium ac transscripta per Fratrem Georgium Iudicis eiusdem Ordinis sub Anno Dominicae Incarnationis 1478. Amen]

Passio. See Franziskanische Studien 23 pp. 187-188.

Ars Praedicandi: MSS Leipzig, Univ. Libr., 616 ff. 1-4 [a manuscript compiled by a practitioner who gathered model sermons, confession guidelines, an ars predicandi ascribed to Thomas Aquinas, the text of Christian Borgsleben and related texts]; Colmar, Bibl, Consistorialis 166 ff. 289v-291v. The work has been edited in: Georg Buchwald (ed.), `Die Ars Praedicandi des Erfurter Franziskaners Christian Borgsleben', Franziskanische Studien 8 (1921), 67-74 [interesting text with regard to the training of young preachers, with regard to preaching in the vernacular to the common people, and with regard to the obligations of lectors. The text was written during Christian's Erfurt period.]

literature

Brieger, Die theologischen Promotionen auf der Universität Leipzig 1428-1539 (Leipzig, 1890), 50; L. Lemmens, 'Das Franziskanerkloster zu Nordhausen', BGSF 1 (1908), 1, 21; L. Meier, Franz Stud., 20 (1933), 271-2; 274-5; Idem, Franz. Stud., 23 (1936), 187-188; Idem, Antonianum, 5 p. 343; Heribert Rossmann, ‘Christian v. Borxleben (Borgsleben) (1400-1484)’, Lexikon des Mittelalters II (1983), 1912; Bert Roest, “Ne Effluat in Multiloquium Et Habeatur Honerosus’: The Art of Preaching in the Franciscan Tradition’, in: Franciscans and Preaching. Every Miracle from the Beginning of the World Came about through Words, ed. Timothy Johnson, The Medieval Franciscans, 7 (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2012), 403-404; Johannes Schlageter, ‘Franziskanische theologie des Mittelalters in der Saxonia’, in: Geschichte der Sächsischen Franziskanerprovinz, 1: Von den Anfängen bis zur Reformation, ed. Volker Honemann (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2015), 514-515; Volker Honemann, ‘Das mittelalterliche Schrifttum der Franziskaner der Sächsischen Ordensprovinz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung deutschsprachiger Zeugnisse’, in: Geschichte der Sächsischen Franziskanerprovinz, 1: Von den Anfängen bis zur Reformation, ed. Volker Honemann (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2015), 698-699.

Christianus Clericus (Chrestien Leclercq, 1641-after 1700)

OFMRec. French friar. Probably born in Bapaume (Pas-de-Calais). He entered the Franciscan Recollects in 1668. Following his formation and ordination as a priest, he departed as a missionary for Nouvelle France (Canada) in 1675, in the compagny of the new bishop P. Hennepin and several others. After his arrival in Quebec, Leclercq traveled onwards to Gaspésie, near the Micmac indigenous population. He apparently learned the indigenous langage and composed both a dictionary and a catechistic text with explanatory images. In 1680, he was sent back to France to obtain permission from the French provincial to create hospices in Quebec and Montréal. Late 1681, he was back in Quebec until ca. 1686, when he became the guardian of the Lens friary (Pas-de-Calais) and later, in 1700, of the S. Omer (St. Omaars) friary. His published works seem to date from after his return to Europe.

works

Dictionary of the Micmac language and a catechism with explanatory images?

Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspésie (Paris, 1691/Lyon, 1692). The 1691 Paris edition is accessible via Google Books. This work received an English translation as New Relation of Gaspesia: With the Customs and Religion of the Gaspesian Indians (Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1910). This English edition is accessible via Archive.org. The French original was re-issued in a critical edition as: Nouvelle relation de la Gaspésie, ed. Réal Ouellet, Bibliothèque du Nouveau Monde (Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montreal, 1999). And this new edition can be found on openedition.org

Premier établissement de la foy dans la Nouvelle France (Paris: Amable Auroy, 1691). A second edition [volume?] appeared as Histoire des colonies françaises (Lyon, 1692). Deals with the missionary activities of the Recollects in Nouvelle France and attacks the actions of the Jesuits. Some scholars have voiced doubts about Chrestien's authorship of the work. The 1691 edition is accessible via Early Canadiana Online [http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.37255], via Gallica, via Archive.org, Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec, via the University Library of Ghent, and via Google Books (search with title words).

Opera Omnia. A new critical omnibus edition of Chrestien Leclercq's works appeared in 1987: L’œuvre de Leclercq, Édition critiques et philologique, ed. J. Leralu (Nevada: McGill University Press, 1987).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 260; Henri Arthur Scott, Nos anciens historiographes et autres études d’histoire canadienne (Levis: Cie. de Publication de Levis, 1930), passim; Catholic Encyclopedia IX, 109; A. Godbout, ‘Leclercq’, in: Centenaire de l’histoire du Canada, ed. F.-X. Garneau (Montréal, 1945), p. 269-290; Dict. Biogr. Franc., XX, 477-78; Dictionnaire biographique du Canada (Toronto, 1966) I, 449-452 [see also http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_clercq_chrestien_1E.html ]; Dictionnaire des lettres françaises. Le xviie s., ed. G. Grente (Paris, 1996), 723; Raphael N. Hamilton, 'Who wrote Premier ´Établissement de la Roy'', Canadian Historical Review 57:3 (1976); R. Aubert, ‘Leclercq (Chrestien)’, DHGE XXX, 1474-1475; Réal Ouellet, 'Pathétique et ethnographie dans la 'Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspesie' (1691)', in: Les Récollets en Nouvelle-France: traces et mémoire, ed. Paul-André Dubois, Patrimoine en mouvement (Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 2018), 267-278.

Christianus de Hiddestorf (Christian von Hiddesdorf, fl. late 14th-early 15th cent.)

OM. German friar from Hiddesdorf. Lector at Magdeburg and subsequently degree student at the University of Erfurt (1396 bacc. biblicus), and shortly afterwards (96/98) Sententiarius. From this period probably stemm his still surviving Conclusiones sententiarum, which formulate his theological conclusions in poetic verses. In 1400, several charters attest that he was magister regens as successor of Johannes von Belgern. Apparently kept the regency for a long time, maybe until his death in 1420. During this period also active as itinerant preacher in the province [as can be seen in the explicit of MS Breslau I.F.742 f. 136a: `Finita est Passio (…) per Rev. Patrem Christianum de Hiddesdorf collecta et in Lubek in conventu Fratrum Minorum et in pluribus locis per eum populo praedicata.'] Among his students we can single out friars as Gottschalk Roede and Johannes Mutzel (both in the lectorate program. The latter eventually became lector secundarius in Hannover). His 1400 letter, in which he also refers to Gottschalk's completion of the lectorate course, he depicts the teachings in the Erfurt studium as part and parcel of convent life. The juniores & seniores of the friars were certainly involved with the activities if the students [See Meier, Antonianum, 10 (…), 64-65.] In his theological teachings, Hiddesdorf tried to incorporate Scotist elements, therewith steering the Franciscan teachings at Erfurt more in that direction. Hiddestorf's theological views would after his death still echo through in the controversy around the Wilsnacker Wunderblut affair, when the opponent of the Franciscans, The Domherr Heinrich Toke refered to Hiddestorf's alleged questions about the authenticity of the Wilsnacker blood host.

works

Conclusiones Sententiarum: MS Luneberg, Ratsbücherei, 2° 48 [Explicit: 'Et sic finis istarum Conclusionum, quas ego Frater Christianus de Hiddestorp in Erfordia Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus existens collegi et conscripsi diligenter fundamentum Magistri [Petri Lombardi] considerando, ad profectum et utilitatem omnium studentium pro tunc ibidem existentium. Amen.' See on his Sentences commentary further Meier, Antonianum, 14 (1939), 68-9]

Comm. in Matthaeum: a.o. MS Braunschweig, Stadtbibliothek Cod. 141 ff. 14v-77r [See Meier, Antonianum, 14 (1939), 158, 177-80. This fifteenth-century manuscript, which once belonged to the Friars Minor of Braunschweig, also contains Francis of Meyronnes’ Sermones de Eucharistia (ff. 1r-14r), an anonymus Tractatus de Septem Vitiis et Virtutibus/Tractatus de Remediis Septem Peccatorum Mortalium (ff. 82r-109v. Inc.: ‘Nota de septem mortalibus peccatis, quando sint venalia et quando mortalia et quid sit peccatum mortale. Peccatum mortale est secundum Augustinum spreto bono incommutabili bono commutabili adhaerere.’; Expl.: ‘Magis cara defuncto in vita poni in sepulchro cum eo bina et hoc illa habet pro maximo honore quod ipsa eligitur aliis derelictis.’), and a series of anonymous sermons (ff. 109v-292r. Cf. the enumeration of Ludger Meier, Antonianum 14 (1939), 161-165.)] None of these manuscripts apparently contain Hiddestorf's Matthew commentary in full. Cf. the partial edition of L. Meier in Antonianum 14 (1939), 166ff. Schlageter (2015) suggests that the many citations of authoritative exegetes, additional questions and even citations from recent secular literature (even Petrarch) indicate that we are dealing with a magisterial commentary, yet that it cannot compare to the in-depth commentaries of Bonaventure or Olivi. But as these remarks are based on Meier's partial edition, this needs to be checked. Parts of Hiddestorf's Matthew commentary apparently found their way into the Quadragesimale quodditianum of Albert Hofeltinger (friar in the Upper Germany Province, and vice-guardian of Regensburg and later Nuremberg (1433).

Sermo de Passione [Held in the St. Catherine Church of Lübeck and at other places]: MS Breslau, I.F.742 ff. 120a-136a. Inc.: Omnis anima quae non fuit afflicta (…) Beatus Bernardus in Sermone de Passione Domini sic Dicit: Vigilate.']

Sermones: MS Munich Landesbibl. Lat. 9000 [=Clm 9000]. These are sermons by Albert Hofeltinger on the basis of Christian von Hiddesdorf’s Matthew Commentary!

literature

Ludger Meier, ‘Christianus de Hiddesdorf O.F.M. Scholae Erfordiensis Columna’, Antonianum 14 (1939), 43-76, 157-180; Idem, Die Barfüsserschule, 46-47; Kurt Ruh, 'Christian von Hiddestorf', Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon I (1978), 1221-1222; Heribert Rossmann, 'Christian von Hiddestorf, Franziskanertheologe (†1420)', Lexikon des Mittelalters II (1983), 1912; Johannes Schlageter, ‘Franziskanische theologie des Mittelalters in der Saxonia’, in: Geschichte der Sächsischen Franziskanerprovinz, 1: Von den Anfängen bis zur Reformation, ed. Volker Honemann (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2015), 456-459

Christianus de Honnef (Christian von Honnef, fl. 1500)

OM. German friar Member of the Franciscan convent of Seligenthal. Known for his catechism in the German vernacular

works

Eyn schone Christliche underrichtung über die x gebot, die xii artikel des Christlichen geloiven, mit dem Pater noster und der Englischer grötzen, ouch alle Artikel der gemeiner bicht, wie man ieckliche sunden underscheiden sal. Alle punten bewyst mit der hilger schrift (Collen: Jaspar van Gennep, 1537). [dedicated to Duke William of Cleve, Gullik and Berghen, d. 1511. The work contains: Vater unser und Englischer Gruss; Symbolum; Beichte; 5 Sinne; Werke der Barmherzigkeit; 7 Gaben des hl. Geistes; 7 Sakramente; 7 Todsünden; 8 Seligkeiten; 9 fremde Sünden; Stumme Sünden; Himmelschreiende Sünden; Sünden gegen den hl. Geist; 10 Gebote; Beschluss]

literature

P. Bahlmann, Deutschlands katholische Katechismen bis zum Ende des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (Münster, 1894), 25-28.

Christianus de Kientzheim (François Joseph Joos/Christian von Kientzheim, 1718 - after 1795)

OFMCap. German (Alsatian) friar. Two times elected provincial minister (1786 & 1792). Ascetical and catechetical author…

works

Wohlgebahnte Himmelstrasse. Das ist : Klare und gründliche Unterweisungen, wodurch alle weltliche und geistliche Personen... belehret werden, durch den dreyfachen Weg,... der Reinigung, der Erleuchtung und der Vereinigung,... die ewige Glückseligkeit sicher zu erwerben (Strasbourg: Franz Levrault, 1774).

literature

Armel, Les Capucins d'Alsace, 71, 166, 316; Eduardus, Bibliotheca Mariana, 88; Analecta OFMCap 38 (1922), 187; Archiv für Elsässische Kirchengeschichte 1 (Rixheim, 1926), 321-323; DSpir II, 870-871: Lexicon Capuccinum, 400.

Christianus de Northusen (Christian von Northausen, fl. 15th cent.)

OM. German friar. Active in Erfurt in 1468, where he compiled a series of Sermones quadragesimales, at the start of which can also be found some autobiographical statements.

works

Sermones quadragesimales: MS Hildesheim WB III E 5.

literature

Irene Stahl, Mittelalterliche Handschriften im Stadtarchiv Hildesheim, Mittelalterliche Handschriften in Niedersachsen: Kurzkatalog, 4 (Wiesbaden, 2001), 130f.

Christianus Honsius (fl. 1550)

OFM. German friar from the Cologne province. Known for his confession manual.

works

Confessionale auf Deutsch.

literature

Josephus Hartzheim, Bibliotheca Coloniensis, in qua vita et libri typo vulgati et manuscripti recensentur omnium (...) scriptorum (Cologne: Thomas Odendall, 1747), 56; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 260.

Christianus Kast (fl. mid 18th cent.)

OFMConv. Bohemian friar. Master of theology.

works

Selectae Quaestiones Theologo-Polemicae (Wratislava, 1730).

literature

Sigismondo da Venezia, Biografia serafica degli uomini illustri che fiorirono nel francescano istituto (...) (Venice: G.B. Merlo, 1846), 786.

Christianus Schneider (1742-1824)

OFM. German friar. Born in Polom near Mikulov in Moravia from a German family but also fluent in the Czech language. He took his perpetual Franciscan vows on 12 August 1761 in Moravská Trebová, and absolved his theological studies in Olomouc. He preached in Prague and Brno among the German speaking population and in 1771 left for Rome, to undergo a missionary training. He was appointed to a missionary station in Egypt in 1772 for seven years. He stayed there in different places where Franciscans had missionary operations. From Egypt, he was commissioned to try to establish a new Franciscan missionary operation in Ethiopia in 1787. This venture failed, and by 1779 he was back in Cairo, from where he traveled to Southern Egypt (Girga), and later became perfect for the Egyptian mission as a whole (1792-1799). In February 1799, Christianus traveled back to Europe from Alexandria via Smyrna and Trieste. He traveled inwards to Prague and spent the last years of his life in Jindrichuv Hradec, where he died on 12 March, 1824. We now know that his Annotationes in Aegyptum/Kurze Lebens- und Reisebeschreibung eines Blinden mit verschiedenen Anmerkungen von Christian Schneider franciskaner Ordenspriester böhmischer Prowinz have survived. An indication of the work’s contents is provided in the appendix to Dospel’s 2011 article.

works

Annotationes in Aegyptum. Check the 2011 Dospel article. For a Czech translation, see the the 2011 study of Katerina Holanova.

Kurze Lebens- und Reisebeschreibung eines Blinden mit verschiedenen Anmerkungen von Christian Schneider franciskaner Ordenspriester böhmischer Prowinz. For a Czech translation, see the the 2011 study of Katerina Holanova.

literature

Marek Dospel, ‘The Annotationes in Aegyptum (c. 1799): A Manuscript Penned by a Czech Franciscan Missionary’, AFH 104 (2011), 285-297; Katerina Holanova, Kurze Lebens- und Reisebeschreibung eines Blinden mit verschiedenen Anmerkungen von Christian Schneider franciskaner Ordenspriester böhmischer Prowinz. Zivot a cesty Christiana Schneidera OFM (1742-1824) MA Thesis University of Budapest (2011). [Work written in the Tjech Language and accessibla via the Theses.cz portal [direcr url https://theses.cz/id/hmomkp/?zpet=%2Fvyhledavani%2F%3Fsearch%3DKaterina%20Holanova%26start%3D1;isshlret=Kate%C5%99ina%3BHOLANOV%C3%81%3B ]

Christianus Seuringhausen (f. mid 17th cent.)

OFMRec. German friar. Translated Bernard of Bessa's Speculum Disciplinae into German.

works

Specvlvm Disciplinae Novitiorum, Das ist Zuchtspiegel der newen Geistlichen Personen Geschrieben durch (...) Bonaventuram (...) durch P. Christianum Seuringhausen [OFMRec] auß dem latein ins teutsch versetzt (Cologne: Wilhelm Firiessems, 1654).

literature

Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon, 2nd. Ed. XI (2004), 241.

Christobaldus Alvarez (Cristóbal Alvarez, fl. second half 17th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar. Member in the Santiago de Compostella province. Prominent preacher.

works

Padre Tiene Assi se interpreta esta voz Joab, fue capitan general de David, su vida y hazañas en historia apologetica (Leon: Francisco Montes, 1678). Accessible via Google Books.

Juan de San Antonio mentions other works, yet we have not been able to trace those.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 261.

Christobaldus de Higuera (Cristóbal de Higuera/Christoval de la Higuera, fl. c. 1700)

OFM. Spanish Preacher in the Castilia province.

works

Compendio de indulgencias concedidas a los hijos de la tercera orden de san Francisco, dividio en tres tratados (...) (Madrid: Viuda de Juan García Infanzón, 1714). Present in the British Library and accessible via Google Books.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 264; AIA 28 (1968), 465; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 128 (no. 417); Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII IV, no. 3266.

Christobaldus Delgadillo (Cristóbal Delgadillo, ca. 1605-1671)

OFM. Spanish friar from Madrid. Took his profession in the San Francisco friary of Madrid as a member of the Castilia province. After studies at the San Diego de Alcalá friary, he fulfilled tasks as lector at Alcalá, guardian, visitator, synodal examiner for the Archbishop of Toledo, and provincial definitor. Propagator of frequent and detailed confessions of the faithful. King Philip IV proposed him for the episcopal see of Tuy, but Cristóbal apparently declined this appointment because of his confessional obligations towards the Descalzas Reales of Madrid. He died on 26 October 1671

works

Secundum principium complutense, seu Tractatus de angelis: in quo legitima subtilis doctoris P. Fr. Ioannis Duns Scoti mens & aperitur, & propugnatur (Alcalá de Henares: Ex Officina Mariae Fernandez, 1652). Accessible via Google Books.

Duo tractatus; alter de incarnatione; de adoratione alter, in quibus legitima subtilis doctoris P. Fr. Ioannis Duns Scoti mens & aperitur, & propugnatur (Alcalá de Henares: Ex Officina Mariae Fernandez, 1653). Accessible via Google Books.

Tractatus de Sacramentis in genere et aliquibus in specie, in doctrina subtilis doctoris Scoti (Alcalá de Henares: Ex Officina Mariae Fernandez, 1654). Accessible via Google Books.

Bipartitus de poenitentia tractatus. In cuius priori parte de ea, quatenus est virtus; In posteriori vero de eadem quatenus Sacramentum est. Legitima subtilis doctoris P. Fr. Ioannis Duns Scoti mens & aperitur, & propugnatur (Alcalá de Henares: Ex Officina Mariae Fernandez, 1658). Accessible via Google Books.

Tractatus de venerabili Eucharistiae mysterio: in quo legitima subtilis doctoris P. Fr. Ioannis Duns Scoti mens & aperitur, & propugnatur (Alcalá de Henares: Ex Officina Mariae Fernandez, 1660). Accessible via Google Books.

Cuestión moral o resolución de algunas dudas acerca de la frecuente confesión (Madrid: Domingo García Morras, 1660).

Questión moral. Si en la primera regla de nuestra Madre Santa Clara la observancia del Silencio, y las otras cosas (fuera de las que expressó Eugenio IV) obliga a culpa venial (Alcalá de Henares: Imprenta de la Universidad, 1659/Alcalá de Henares: Imprenta de la Universidad, 1662 [2nd ed.]/Madrid, 1666). The first edition is accessible via Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional (sign. 3-75957(1))

Theoremata sacra theologia subtilis scholastica, expositiva, theandrica, mariana, Carolo Hispaniarum principi catholico dicata. Praeses r.p.fr. Christophorus Delgadillo, (...) Propugnator p.f. Andreas Martin (...) Pro commitijs generalibus seraphici ordinis in conuentu Aracoelitano Romae celebrandis. Anno 1664 (Rome, 1664). Accessible via Google Books.

Defensorium Privilegiorum Religiosis concessorum circa Confessiones, & Conciones (s.l., s.a.). ? Mentioned by Juan de San Antonio and other older bibliographers.

Apologeticum pro Illustrissimo Fr. Ildephonso Salizanes (s.l., s.a.). ? Mentioned by Juan de San Antonio and other older bibliographers.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 262-263; Joseph Antonio Alvarez y Baena, Hijos de Madrid, ilustres en santidad, dignidades, armas, ciencias y artes. Diccionario Histórico (...) I (Madrid: Benito Cano, 1789), 267-269; AIA 25 (1926), 217-226; AIA 5 (1945), 350-357; AIA 15 (1955), 266-267; AIA 39 (1979), 111; José Simón Díaz, Bibliografía de la literatura hispánica, 11 Vols. (Madrid, 1960-1976) X, no. 2706; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 106 (no. 258); Stephen Haliczer, Sexuality in the Confessional: A Sacrament Profaned (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 25; Karen María Vilacoba Ramos. El monasterio de las Descalzas Reales y sus confesores en la edad moderna (Madrid: Editorial Visión Libros, 2013), passim.

Christobaldus de Santo Antonio (Cristóbal de San Antonio o Diego Mieses, 1466-1526?/1558?)

OFM. Spanish Friar from the Santiago province.

works

Triumphus Christi contra infideles (Salamanca: Alfonso de Porras, 1524). Cf. Castro (1996), 87f. For instance accessible via the Biblioteca Complutense in Madrid and via Google Books.

Tratado de los mayorazgós. ?

Tratado sobre la Concepción de Nuestra Señora. (1526). Cf. Castro (1996), 88 & AIA 17 (1922), 393-395.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 260 [Christophorus a S. Antonio]; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 191-192; Germán Rubio, ‘El licenciado Cristóbal de Mieses, 1466-1526?’, AIA 17 (1922), 367-400; Manuel de Castro, ‘Notas de bio-bibliografia franciscana’, AIA 29 (1969), 150-158; AIA 30 (1970), 218-219; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 149 (no. 576); Manuel de Castro y Castro, Escritores de la Provincia Franciscana de Santiago. Siglos XIII-XIX, Liceo Franciscano. Revista de Estudio e Investigacion XLVIII (2a Epoca): 145-147 (Santiago de Compostella, 1996), 87-88.

Christobaldus de Sancto Antonio et Castro (Cristóbal de San Antonio y Castro, fl. 1655)

OFM. Spanish friar. Lector jubilado, consultant for the inquisition and giardian of the San Francisco de Baeza friary.

works

Historia eclesiástica y seglar de la colonia Betis, aora la ciudad de Buxalanca (Granada: impr. Real por Baltasar de Bolivar, 1655/Granada: Baltasar de Bolivar, 1657). Present in the Biblioteca Complutense, in the Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon and accessible via Google Books.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 260 [Christophorus a S. Antonio y Castro]; Antonio Palau y Dulcet, Manuel del libro hispano-americano: Inventario bibliográfico (...) (1924), 103.

Christobaldus de Viso (Cristobál del Viso, fl. second half 17th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar Luzena. Member of the Granada province. Took the habit in Córdoba and studied theology. Provincial definitor and two times provincial minister (check). Is he to be identified with the Franciscan friar Cristobál del Viso (d. 1684), comissarius generalis for the Indian lands, who was also active as a painter and left in the chapter room of the Franciscan friary of Cordoba a series of pictures of canonized Franciscans?

works

Vida de Francisca Maria de San Gabriel, incorporated in Alonso de Torres, Chronica De La Santa Provincia De Granada, De La Regular Observancia de N. Serafico Padre S. Francisco (Madrid: Juan Garcia Infançon, 1683), Tractatus 5, Cap. XIX, pp. 669-670. Accessible via Google Books.

Paintings

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 266-267 (Christophorus del Viso); Coleccion de documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana 107 (Madrid, 1893), 278; Archivo español de arte 26-27 (1953), 319.

Christobaldus de Sancto Josepho Gallo (Cristóbal de San José Gallo, fl. early 18^th cent.)

OFMDisc. Spanish friar. Member of the San Diego province (Andalucia). Guardian and preacher. Known for his sermons on the immaculate conception.

works

Las siete columnas, en sus siete materias, de la Sapiencial Casa de la ciudad de la Gracia, María en el Inmaculado mysterio de su Concepción purissima, elogiada por siete sabios de la mejor Grecia, mi Seráphica Familia, en siete continuados dias, vestidas en el dia octavo, domingo, que se celebró en el religiosissimo convento de franciscanos descalços desta ciudad de Cádiz (Cadiz, 1710). Present in the University Library of Sevilla.

Mundo symbólico, originaria hermosura, y hebdomada primera. La Concepción puríssima de María Santíssima Señora nuestra, laureada en su celebérrimo Octavario, que se celebró en el Religosíssimo Convento de Francisco Descalzos de esta Ciudad de Cádiz (...) (Cádiz, 1711). Present in the University Library of Sevilla and in the Biblioteca de Temas gaditanos of Cadiz.

Triumphos diarios, cruentos, sacros, y bélicos, en los días de los tormentos, y martyrios de siete seráphicos machabeos: reflectados en los acasos militares, que en los mismos Sagrados dias acaecieron en esta Plaza de Zeuta, y con especialidad en la Salida del dia diez y siete de Octubre deste presente año de 1732 (...) por Fray Christoval de San Joseph Gallo (...) (Sevilla:,Francisco de Leefdael, [1733?]). Present in the University Library of Sevilla.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 263-264; AIA 21 (1924), 334-336; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 119 (no. 339); Francisco Aguilar Piñal, Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII IV, 48.

Christobaldus de Zea (Cristobál de Zea, fl. first half 18th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar. Chronicler

works

Apuntaciones sobre los derechos de este convento de N.P.S. Francisco de la Ciudad de Palenzia, y notizias de los hijos que le han ilustrado en virtud y letras: MS Palencia, Residencia de los PP. Jesuitas. Check! (MS once in the San Francisco de Palencia friary).

Fundazión y Notizia del Convento de N.P.S. Francisco de la Ciudad de Palencia (1732): MS Palencia, Residencia de los PP. Jesuitas. Check! (MS once in the San Francisco de Palencia friary).

literature

Rafael Ángel Martínez González, 'Dos manoscritos del monasterio de San Francisco de Palencia', Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses 54 (1986), 273-278.

Christobaldus Ecclesia et Marin (Cristóbal Iglesia y Marin, fl. first half 18th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar.

works

Vida, martyrio, milagros y novena de el inclyto mártyr S. Christoval, protector de sus devotes en las tormentas (Sevilla: Juan de la Puerta, 1724).

Sermón panegíricp de Santa Isabel, Reina de Ungría, predicado en la fiesta del estreno de la capilla del Vble. Orden Tercero de N.S.P.S. Francisco, del convento de Nuestra Señora de Consolación, que es de Padres Terceros (...) de Sevilla (...) (Sevolla: Im. de las Siete Revueltas, 1735).

Sermón fúnebre panegyrico que en las solemnes honras, que a la buena memoria de la Vble. Madre Sor Petronila de Jesús, religiosa professa de velo negro en el convento de Santa Clara de la Villa de Constantina, se hicerien en la iglesia parrochial (...) 16 de Febrero de 1744 (Sevilla: Florencio Joseph de B;as y Quesada, 1744).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 263; Francisco Aguilar Piñal, Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII, IV, 515.

Christobaldus Liñan (Cristoval Liñan, 1578-1659)

OFM & OFMDisc. Spanish friar. Born on 6 January 1578 in Valencia. Took the habit in the Real Convento de San Francisco in his home town in 1594. In the course of his religious life, he was much involved as a confessor, both during his years in the Observant branch and later when he transferred to the even stricter branche of the Descalzos. He died on 9 February 1659. his corpse was dug up five years after his death and it was found incorrupted. During his life, at the command of his spiritual director, he wrote a Relacion de su Vida.

works

Relacion de su Vida, included in: Antonio Pànes, Chronica de la Provincia de San Juan Bautista II (Valencia, 1666), 946-1003.

Christobaldus García de Alarilla (Cristóbal García de Alarilla, fl. second half 17th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar. Member of the Castille province.

works

Filial obsequio, indice del reconocimiento con que agradecida corresponde a sus Patronos difuntos los Excelentissimos Señores Marqueses de Villena, Duqyes de Escalona, & su Religiosa, grave, y Docta Provincia de Castilla, de la Regular Observancia de nuestro Seraphico Padre San Francisco, en las Exequias que hizo en su Capitulo Provincial, celebrado en su Convento de Madrid en 26 de Mayo de 1685 (Madrid: Juan Garcia Infançon, 1685). For a copy see Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional 2-54.749.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 264 [Christophorus Garcia de Alarilla]; María Cristina Sánchez Alonso, Impresos de los siglos XVI y XVII de temática madrileña, 459.

Christobaldus Lopez de Vera (Cristóbal López de Vera, fl. c. 1750)

OFMDisc. Spanish friar. Member of the San Diego province (Andalucia)

works

Triumphos diarios, cruentos, sacros, y belicos, en los dias de los tormentos, y martyrios de siete seraphicos machabeos: reflectados en los acasos militares, que en los mismos Sagrados dias acaecieron en esta Plaza de Zeuta, y con especialidad en la Salida del dia diez y siete de Octubre deste presente año de 1732 (...) (Sevilla: D. Francisco de Leefdael, 1733). Accessible via the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.

literature

AIA 21 (1924), 54; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 141 (no. 513); Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII IV, 302-304.

Christobaldus Martinez (Cristóbal Martínez de la Puerta, d. 1623)

OFM. Spanish friar from Andalusia. Arrived from Spain in Honduras as a soldier by 1600. He took part in an expedition to Costa Rica, during which he decided to become a missionary. He went to Guatemala and took the Franciscan habit in 1602. For a number of years he worked in Guatemala and Chiapa, teaching Latin and learning various Indian languages. In 1616, he was sent out on his first missionary journey to Tegucigalpa. Two more missionary journeys followed. On the last one, he and two of his companions were killed by natives in 1623.

works

Seis consultas, en que se satisface a las razones alegadas contra la Expedición de Tegucigalpa, y se prueba que es lícito emprender la Misión, aún con peligro de la vida. ?

Manifiesto apologético en que propone y resuelve el V.P. los obstáculos que podrián o recerse acerca de su viaje (1619). See Vázquez IV, 143-147.

Cartas al Provincial de Guatemala sobre la expedición de Tegucigalpa. ?

literature

Francisco Vázquez, Crónica de la Provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús de Guatemala, 2nd Ed., Bibliotea “Goathemala”, 14-17, 4 Vols (Guatemala, 1937-1944) IV, 143-147; A Bio-Bibliography of Franciscan Authors in Colonial Central America, ed. Eleanor B. Adams (Washington D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan History, 1953), 52; Atanasio Herranz, Estado, sociedad y lenguaje: la política lingüística en Honduras, 2nd Ed. (Tegucigalpa: Editorial Guaymuras, 2001). 392ff., 360, 423.

Christobaldus Mercader (Cristóbal Mercader, d. 1683)

OFM. Spanish friar from Valencia. Court preacher at the Spanish court and official order chronicler.

works

Crónica de la Santa Provincia de la Observancia de San Francisco de Valencia: MS Valencia ?

Vida admirable del siervo de Dios, fray Pedro Esteve, predicador apostólico y comisario de Jerusalén, en la provincia de San Francisco de Valencia (Valencia: Pedro Sánchez Guantero, 1677). Accessible via Google Books.

Definitiones Theologiae Moralis ex Diana (Valencia: Diego de Vega, 1683).

Ideae sacrae evangelicae ea litera decantata, ab Ecclesia Romana: et annotationes curiosae concionatoris (Valencia: Diego de Vega, 1683).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 264; J. Rodríguez, Biblioteca Valentina (Valencia, 1747), 100; Biographia Ecclesiastica Completa XIII, 857f; Gonzalo Díaz Díaz, Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española V, 480.

Christobaldus Molina (Cristóbal Molina, fl. 1660)

OFM. Spanish friar from the Andalucia province.

works

Vida de el Venerable Juan de Cruce: MS Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional ? (Once present in the Franciscan friary of Madrid).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 264-265.

Christobaldus Morenus (Christophorus Morenus/Cristóbal Moreno/Cristoval Moreno, fl. later 16th)

OFM. Spanish friar. Member of the Valencia province. Joined the order in Rome (Aracoeli friary) after an initial career among the Hieronymites (who had sent him to Rome to begin with). Back in Spain, he became active in the Valencia province as preacher, confessor, 'secretus' for the inquisition of Valencia, and provincial minister. He also distinguished himself as a preacher.

works

Epistola a la Cesarea Magestad de la Emperatriz de Romanos donna Maria de Austria, gloriosissima y Christianissima Reyna de Ungri, y Boemia. &c. Escripta por el muy Reverendo padre fray Christoual Moreno, de la Orden de sant Francisco. Cuesta mysterios particulares de la vida, y milagros del bienauenturaro sant Anthonio de padua nuestro gran Español, y Frayle de la misma Seraphica Orden (Valencia: Baltasar Symon, 1576). Accessible via Google Books.

Libro intitulado Limpieza de la Virgen y Madre de Dios. Dirigido a la C.S.C.R.M. de la Emperatriz de Romanos, Doña Maria de Austria, nuestra Señora (Valencia: Joan Navarro, 1582). Accessible via the British Library and via Google Books.

Tratado de la archiconfraternidad del cordon: fundada por nuestro muy santo padre Papa Sixto Quinto, compuesto por el muy reverendo padre fray Christoval Moreno, de la provincia de Valencia (...) dirigido a la serenissima infanta Dona Margarita de Austria (...) religiosa professa en el convento de las descalças de Madrid (...) (Zaragoza: Pedro Puig, 1590/Barcelona: Sebastian de Cormellas, 1592/Valencia, 1600 & 1604).

Libro de las excelencias, y vida de S. Iuan euangelista. Compuesto por el muy R.P.Fr. Diego de Estella, de la orden de nuestro Seraphico padre S. Francisco. Corregido y añadido por el muy R.P.F. Christoual Moreno (...) Dirigido en esta segunda impression a la muy Reuerenda Señora Sor Luysa Casanoua, Religiosa de la Orden de S. Clara, en el conuento de la Concepcion de Valencia (...) (Valencia: Heredes de Iuan Nauarro, 1595). Accessible via Google Books.

Libro Intitulado Claridad De Simples Compuesto (...) Dirigigo al Illustrissimo y Reverendißimo señor don Juan de Ribera Patriarcha de Antochia Arçobispo de Valencia &c. (Barcelona: Bernat Cuçana Librero, 1596). Accessible via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek and via Google Books.

Libro intitulado Jornadas para el Cielo dirigido a la S.C.R.M. del Rey Don Philippe nuestro señor, segundo deste nombre, Rey de las Españas (...) (Alcalá de Henares: Iuan Iñiguez de Lequericz & Diego Guillen, 1596/Madrid: viuda de Alonso Martin, acosta de Domingo Gonçalez, 1624). Accessible via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek and via Google Books.

Tratado de las excellencias del agua bendita, recopilado de diversos doctores, por (...) fray Christoval Moreno (...) (Valencia: Juan Grysostomo Garriz, 1600). Accessible via Google Books.

Libro de la vida y obras marauillosas del sieruo de Dios y bienauenturado Padre Fray Pedro Nicolas Factor, de la Orden de nuestro Padre S. Francisco de la Regular Obseruancia de la Prouinca de Valencia. Compvuesto por el muy R.P.F. Christoual Moreno, de la misma Orden, Prouincial de dicha Prouincia (Valencia: Pedro de Huete, 1586/Alcala de Henares: Iuan Gracian & Nicolas del Poçuelo, 1587)/Libro de la vida y obras maravillosas del sieruo de Dios el bienauenturado Padre Fray Pedro Nicolas Factor, de la Orden de nuestro Padre S. Francisco de la Regular Obseruancia de la Prouinca de Valencia. Compvuesto por el muy R.P.F. Christoual Moreno, de la misma Orden, Prouincial de dicha Prouincia. Y agora nvevamente por el mvy R.P.F. Iosef Exomeno Predicador, y Custodio de la misma Prouincia (...) (Barcelona: Sebastian de Cormellas, 1618). These editions are accessible via the British Library, Google Books and other digital portals.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 265; AIA 3 (1915), 139-140; AIA 8 (1917), 104; AIA 15 (1955), 356-358; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 151 (no. 594); Manuel de Castro y Castro, 'Fray Cristóbal Moreno del Camino, OFM, célebre escritor valenciano del siglo XVI', in: Varia Bibliographica: Homenaje a José Simón Díaz (Kassel: Reichenberger, 1988), 151-164; Bibliografía de la literatura hispánica, ed. José Simón Díaz (Madrid: CSIC, 1992) XV, 370-376 (with more info on editions, versions and translations).

Christobaldus Ortega (Cristóbal Ortega, fl. c. 1650)

OFM. Spanish friar. Poet and preacher.

works

Sermón sobre la Inmaculada Concepción de Nuestra Señora (Granada, 1650). This needs to be checked.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 266; AIA 15 (1955), 379; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 157 (no. 638).

Christobaldus Ramirez (Cristobál Ramírez, fl. late 17^th cent.)

OFM. Preacher from the Cartagena province.

literature

AIA 36 (1933), 113-115; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 167 (no. 705).

Christobaldus Rosellus (Cristobal Rosel, fl. 18^th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar. Member of the Cartagena province.

works

Floriloquio Mariano. Novena sagrada a la Pura, Limpia e Inmaculada Concepción de María Santíssima, que se venera en la iglesia convento de N.P.S. Francisco de la ciudad de Cartagena (Murcia: Felipe Teruel, s.a.).

Devoción a la Escala Santa, su origen, translaciones y culto que le han dado sucesivamente los Sumos Pontífices desde su establecimiento a Roma: Indulgencias que la han concedico: Y un método breve y devoto para subirla, con veinte y ocho meditaciones de la Pasión, correspondientes a las veinte y ocho Gradas que consta (...) (Murcua: Viuda de Felipe Teruel, s.a.).

literature

AIA 28 (1927), 136; AIA 38 (1935), 89-90; AIA 15 (1955), 423-424; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 172 (no. 746); Francisco Aguilar Piñal, Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII VII (), 310 (nos. 2122-2123).

Christobaldus Zeron (Cristobál Zerón, fl. second half 16th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar. Member of the Castilian province.

works

Crónica de la Provincia de Castilla (1583). Present in the University library of Alcalà?

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 267 [Christophorus Zeras]; Las reformas en los siglos XIV y XV: introducción a los orígenes de la Observancia en España=Archivo Ibero-Americano (1958), 178.

Christopher Albania (Christophe Albania, fl. early 17th cent.)

OFMRec. French friar. Guardian of the Bordeaux friary.

works

Bullae ac Rescripta summorum pontificum Romanorum Clementis VII, Gregorii XIII, Clementis VIII et Pauli V, in favorem fratrum minorum reformatorum seu recollectorum strictioris observantiae (Bordeaux: Simon Millanges, 1613). Accessible via the Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon, via the Bibliothèque Municipale de Bordeaux [http://bibliotheque.bordeaux.fr/in/faces/imageReader.xhtml?id=h::BordeauxS_B330636101_H4502_2&pageIndex=3&mode=simple&selectedTab=thumbnail ], and via Google Books. Christophe would have been involved in the edition of this work. His name does not appear on the title page.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 261; Othon de Pavie Ranson, L'Aquitaine séraphiqu 2 (1905), 29.

Christophorus Antonius Froelich (Christoph Anton Frölich, 1707-1760)

OFMRef. Austrian friar and member of the Tirol province.

works

Scotus systematizatus seu subtiliora theologiae Scotistae systemata, exposita publicae disputationi in ecclesia FF. Min. S.P. Francisci Reform. Provinciae Tyrol. Friburgi Brisgoviae ad sanctum Martinum, praeside P.F. Christophoro Antonio Froelich, ss. theologiae Lectore ordinario, propugnantibus PP. FF. Francisco de Paula Hermann et Primo Enslin, eiusdem Ordinis et studii candidatis theologici, mense maio de 20. horis ante et post meridiem consuetis (Freiburg im Breisgau: Schaalin, 1745).

literature

Pascal M. Hollaus, 'Die Schriftsteller der Tiroler Franziskanerprovinz vom hl. Leopold gesammelt von P. Gerold Fußenegger OFM (1901-1965), 41. [Accessible via https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/2820520/veroffentlichungen-der-tiroler-franziskaner-aus-schwaz and https://docplayer.org/7754630-Die-schriftsteller-der-tiroler-franziskanerprovinz-vom-hl-leopold-gesammelt-von-p-gerold-fussenegger-ofm-1901-1965.html]

Christophorus Benitez (Cristoforo Benitez, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFM. Spanish friar from the San Miguel province.

works

Panegyrim de Stigmatibus S. P. Francisci (Sevilla: Francisco de Lyra, 1631). Is there maybe a confusion with Bartolomé Guerrero's Sermon de las llagas de nuestro padre san Francisco en el real convento de la insigne villa de Caceras (Sevilla: Francisco de Lyra, 1631)?

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, >>; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 192; La Verna (1913), 502.

Christophorus Cipricus (Christophorus Ciprius/Cristoforo Ciprico/Cristoforo Ciprio/Cristoforo Cyprico, fl. 15th cent.)

OM. Italian friar from the Genoa region. Chronicler.

works

Annales Reipublicae Genuensis ab anno 1099 ad 1436: MSS Genoa, Biblioteca Universitaria, Manoscritti, ms.B._VII.6. ff. 1r-274v [A microfilm/digital copy can be obtained from the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Rome (Roma, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, microfilm pos. 68051)]; Archivio Storico del Comune di Genova, Manoscritti, Ricci, 108 (18th cent.) [This 18th-century copy can be accessed via https://www.storiapatriagenova.it/BD_vs_OA.aspx?Id_Oggetto_Archivistico=64&Id_Progetto=2 ]

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 262; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 293.

Christophorus Cortesella (Cristoforo Cortesella da Como, d. 1725)

OFMCap. Italian Capuchin friar and guardian of the friary of Erba.

works

mariological poems.

literature

Salvatore Rizzolino, Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariae. Poemetti mariani dimenticati fra Lagrime e Rime spirituali del Tasso. Appendice di testi mariani cappuccini tra XVI-XVII sec., ed. Costanzo Cargnoni, Centro Studi Cappuccini Lombardi. Nuova Serie, 4 (Milan: Edizioni Biblioteca Francescana, 2017), 536-537.

Christopher Davenport (Franciscus à Sancta Clara/Francis of St. Claire, c. 1595-1680)

works

Epistolium, continens confutationem duarum proposititionem astrologicarum (Douay, 1626).

Problemata Scholastica et controversialia speculativa. ?

Corollarium Dialogi de Medio Aninarum Statu. ?

Deus, Natura, Gratia (Lyon, 1634). This work included in an appendix the Paraphrastica Expositio Articulorum Confessionis Anglicanae, which suggested that the Anglican articles of faith could be brought into harmonization with Catholicism. This caused an outcry within certain Catholic circles. The work was put on the Index in Spain. A condemnation by Rome was averted by Gregorio Panzani, the pope's unofficial representative in London.

Apologia Episcoporum, seu Sacri magistratus propugnatio (Cologne: Bernardus Bueno, 1640).

The Practice of the Presence of God (Douai, 1642).

Systema fidei, seu Tractatus de concilio universali. Ubi tàm ex Principiis Scholasticis, quàm Monumentis veterum: praesertim Magni Orbis Magistri Augustini, Quidditas & Potestas Concilii, cum singulis vel apicibus de hac re desideratis enucleantur: Dovina Authoritas Scripturarum & Traditionum declaratur. Fidei structura delineatur, ubi innumera antiqua examinatur. Distinctio fundamentalium et non fundamentalium in rebus ad fidem spectantibus discutitur. Abstrusiora quaedam ex naturae Penetralibus exponuntur, quibus anima humana immortalis asseritur. Sacrum Tridentinum Vindicatur. Appendix, de origine papatus Romani, et an Petrus et Paulus fuerint simul papae ? (...) authore (...) F. Francisco Davenporto, vulgo a Sancta Clara,... (Liège: Ioannis Tournay, 1648). Available via Google Books.

De Definibilitate Controversiae Immaculate Conceptionis Dei Genitricis Opusculum (Douai, 1651).

Paralipomena Philosophica de Mundo Peripatetico. (Extracta Ex Enchiridion O Manual de Los Tiempos Del R.P. Fr. Alonso Venero. Historia Del Grandissimo Milagro. 1640.) (Antwerp, 1652). Accessible via Gallica: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k316964v/f5.item

An Echiridion of Faith (Douai, 1655).

Tractatus de Schismate praesertim Anglicano?

Explanation of the Catholic Belief (1656).

Vindication of Roman Catholics (1659).

Liber Dialogorum (Douai, 1661).

Manuale Missionariorum Regularium praecipue Anglorum Ordinis Sacti Francisci (Douai, 1658/Reprint 1661).

Fragmenta: seu Historia Minor. Provine. Angl. Fratrum Minorum, Editio secunda (Douai: Baltasar Belleri, 1661). This second edition is available via Google Books.

Religio Philosophia Peripati discutienda (Douai: Baltasar Belleri, 1662/1667). The 1662 edition is available via Google Books.

Opera omnia Francisci a S. Clara (Douai, 1665-1667).

Disputatio de antiqua Provinciae Praecedentia (1670).

Supplementum historiae provinciae Angliae, in quo est Chronosticon, continens catalogum, & praecipua gesta provincialium Fratrum Minorum provinciae Angliae: Annectitur, Disputatio de antiqua provinciae praecedentia (Douai, 1671).

Paraphrastica Expositio Articulorum Confessionis Anglicanae (1865). A first version of this text was included in the Deus, Natura, Gratia (Lyon, 1634).

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 375-376; DHGE XIV, 109-111; E.H. Burton and T.L. Williams (eds.), The Douay College diaries, third, fourth and fifth, 1598–1654, 1, ed. E.H. Burton and T.L. Williams, Catholic Record Society, 10 (London: Privately printed for the Society by J. Whitehead & Son, Leeds, 1911), 132, 136-7; John Berchmans Dockery, Christopher Davenport: friar and diplomat (London: Burns & Oates, 1960); Robert I. Bradley, ‘Christopher Davenport and the Thirty-Nine Articles’, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 52 (1961), 205-228; George H. Tavard, 'Christopher Davenport and the Problem of Tradition', Theological Studies 24 (1963), 278-290; A P. Cambers, ‘Davenport, Christopher (c.1595–1680)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004 / http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7199); Anne A. Davenport, 'Scotus as the Father of Mondernity: The Matural Philosophy of the English Franciscan Christopher Davenport in 1652', Early Science and Medicine 12:1 (2007), 55-90; Philippe Yates, 'The Greenwich Observants and Christopher Davenport', in: A Pilgrimage Through the Franciscan Intellectual Tradition, ed. André Cirino & Josef Raischl (Canterbury: Franciscan International Study Centre, 2008), 345-364; Francis J. Bremer, 'Families and Religious Conflict in the Early Modern Atlantic World', in: Puritans and Catholics in the Trans-Atlantic World 1600-1800, ed. Crawford Gribben & R. Scott Spurlock (Springer Verlag, 2016), passim; Anne Ashley Davenport, Suspicious Moderate. The Life and Writings of Francis à Sancta Clara (1598–1680) (Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame Press, 2017).

Christophorus de Arta (Cristoforo d'Arta, fl. second half 17th cent.)

OFMDisc. Spanish friar. Member of the San Juan Bautista province in the Valencia region. Franciscan procurator in Rome at the papal Curia for the canonization of Pascual Baylon. There he organised the publication of a life of Pascual in the Italian vernacular.

works

Vita, virtu, e miracoli del beato Pasquale Baylon Religioso Scalzo dell'Ordine di S. Francesco, Figlio della Provincia di S. Gioavn Battista del Regno di Valenza in Ispagna. Composto in idioma Spagnuolo dal P.F. Christoforo d'Arta Religioso del medesimo Ordine, e Provincia, Procuratore nella Curia Romana della Santificazione del detto beato. E dal medesimo fatta tradurre in vulgare (...) (Rome: Michele Ercole, 1672/Venice: Giovanni Antonio Vitale, 1673). The Michele Ercole edition from 1673 is accessible via Google Books. A new version was issued in 1691, following Pascual's canonization in October 1690: Vita, virtu' e miracoli di S. Pasquale Baylon minore osseruante scalzo della prouincia di San Gio. Battista nel Regno di Valenza in Ispagna. Composta dal P. Christoforo d'Arta dell'istess'ordine, e prouincia (Venice: Andrea Poletti, 1691). The 1691 edition is accessible via Google Books. Yet another version of Baylon's life was issued in 1691 by an unknown Discalceate Observant friar in 1691: Vita di S. Pasqcuale Baylon Spagnuolo Osservante Scalzo di S. Francesco. Compilata da F.S.G. Sacerdote de'Minori Osservanti della Provincia di Toscana (Florence: Piero Matini, 1691). This 1691 edition is accessible via Google Books.

literature

Gaetano Canciani, Catalogo dei libri di propria edizione e fondo di Gaetano Canciani del fu , 195.

Christophorus de Cashel (d. 1656)

OFMCap. Irish friar, active as a missionary in the Irish province, in and around Kearney. Fulfilled functions as definitor and general commissary. He died in the Italian town of Fano on his way back from the general chapter held in Rome in 1656. Known for his accounts on the Irish mission.

works

De origine e progressu Missionis Hibernicae Capuccinorum ab a. 1608 ad a. 1654. Partly issued in English in Father Matthew Record (Dublin, 1913), 69, 87, 106, 124, 142.

literature

Pellegrino, Annali II, 470f; Angelus, Irish Capuchins, 30, 33, 43, 88; Lexicon Capuccinum, 401.

Christophorus de Cheffontaines (Christophorus de Capite Fontium/Christophe de Cheffontaines/Christophe Penfeunteniou Cheffontaine , 1512-1595)

OFM. French friar from Brittany. Polemic author. Born at Sibiril, near Saint Pol-de-Léon, Brittany in 1512 as son of the noble Penfentenyo family, Lords of Kermoruz. He joined the Franciscans at Cuburien (near Morlaix) in 1532. Studied in Paris and obtained the doctorate of theology. After his studies he became Provincial minister of Bretagne. Later minister general of the order (between 1571 and 1579) and afterwards auxiliary bishop for Cardinal de Pellevé (who was residing in Rome) in the diocese of Sens (1579-1586). Appointed Archbishop of Cesarea in 1588 (a position that he held until 1594). Christophe died in the San Pietro in Montorio friary.

works

Défense de la foi de l’Eglise contre les hérétiques de notre temps (Paris: Frémy, 1564).

Le premier livre de la défense de la foi de nos ancêtres, auquel on déclare les strategèmes et ruses des hérétiques de nostre temps/ La défense de la foi de nos ancêtres, contenant quinze chapitres, où sont déclarés les strategèmes et ruses hérétiques de notre temps (Paris, 1570/Paris: Claude Fremy, 1572). Issued in Latin as: Fidei majorum nostrum Defensio, qua haereticorum saeculi nostri (…) deteguntur (Antwerp: Plantin, 1575/Venice, 1581). The 1575 edition is available via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

La défense de la foi de nos ancetres, où la présence réelle du corps de Notre-Seigneur est prouvée par plus de trois cent cinquante raisons (Paris, 1571/Paris: Guillaume de la Nouë, 1586). Issued in Latin as: Defensionis fidei majorum nostrum liber secundus, in quo veritas corporis Christi in eucharistiae sacramento, demonstratur et probatur. The 1586 French edition is available via Google Books and via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Munich.

Defensio fidei maiorum quam de vera et reali corporis Christi in eucharistiae sacramento (Cologne: Maternus Cholinus, 1587). Related to La défense de la foi de nos ancetres. Available via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Réponse familière à une épistre écrite contre le libéral arbitre et le mérité des bonnes oeuvres (Paris: E. Petit, 1568/Re-editions in Paris, 1571 and Antwerp/Rome, 1575, 1576, 1578). Christophe translated it into Latin as: Consulatio epistolae cujusdam contra liberum arbitrium et merita/Epistolae cuiusdam contra liberum arbitrium, et merita bonorum operum scriptae confutatio (Antwerp: Plantin, 1575 & 1576). The 1575 Latin edition is accessible via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

De libero Arbitrio et Meritis bonorum Operum Assertio Catholica (Antwerp, 1575/Rome: Haeredes Antonii Bladii, 1576). Available via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatbibliothek, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

Perpetuae Mariae Virginis ac Ioseph sponsi eius virginitatis catholica (Lyon: Michael Jovius & Johan Pillehotte, 1578). Available via Google Books.

Compendium priuilegiorum fratrum minorum et religiosarum sub eorum cura viuentium, necnon & aliorum fratrum mendicantium, ordine alphabetico digestum. Cum noua dictorum priuilegiorum per Gregorium papam 13. confirmatione. Per r.p.f. Christophorum de Capite fontium, totius ordinis minorum generalem ministrum, recognitum & eius iussu excusum (Paris: Simon Caluarin, 1578). Available via Google Books.

Apologie de la confrérie des pénitents, érigée et instituée en la ville de Paris par Henri III (Paris, 1583).

De la vertu des paroles par lesquelles se fait la consécration (Paris, 1585).

Novae illustrationis christianae fidei adversus impios libertinos, Atheos, Epicureos, et omne genus infideles/Epitome novae illustrationis christianae fidei adversus impios, libertinos et atheos (Paris: Michel Julian, 1583/Paris: Arnold Sittart, 1586/1606). Available via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

Chrétienne confutation du point d’honneur sur lequel la noblesse fonde aujourd’huy ses querelles et monomachies (Paris: C. Frémy, 1568/Paris, 1571, 1579/ Paris: Arnold Sittart, 1586/Cologne, 1585) [1586 Parisian edition available via a number of digital portals]. The work was also translated into Latin: Confutatio puncti, quem vocant honoris: super quo contentionum, monomachiarum sive duellorum suorum fundamenta Christiana hodie nobilitas iacit (Cologne: Cholinus, 1585). This Latin edition is accessible via the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, and via Google Books.

Actio prima in sacramentarios, in qua ex Christi verbis, realis corporis Christi in sacramento eucharistiae, praesentia probatur (Paris: apud Arnold Sittart, 1585).

Varii Tractatus et Disputationes, de eo quod sit utile atque necessarium, nonnullas secum pugnantes scholasticorum scriptorum opiniones, ad decretorum concilii Tridentini normam conciliare (Paris: Arnodl Sittart, 1586). This work attacked faults of scholastic theology, and was placed on the Index. Moreover, Christophe was under investigation for two years in Rome. The reason was his assertion in this work that the transsubstantiation took place during the benediction and before uttering ‘hoc est corpus meum’. Eventually it did not hamper the author’s appointment to the Archiepiscopal see of Cesarea.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 261-262; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 192-193; L.F. Le Menn, ‘Documents relatifs à Christophe de Cheffontaines archevêque de Césarée (1588-1594)’, Revue des sociétés savantes 3 (1872), 656-659; Dictionnaire biographique de France VIII, 966; DThCat II, 2352-2354; Correspondance du nonce en France Fabio Frangipani, ed. A. Lynn Martin (Rome, 1984), 313-359; Gaïa Rossetti, Christophe de Cheffontaines protagoniste du changement religieux du XVIème siècle 1512-1595, 2 Vols. Photocopy D.E.A. (Tours, 1993); Robert Sauzet, Mendiants et réformes. Les réguliers mendiants acteurs du changement religieux dans le royaume de France (1480-1560) (Tours: Publications e l’Université de Tours, 1994), 61-62.

Christobaldus Palomo (Cristóbal Palomo, fl. c. 1765)

OFM. Spanish friar. Preacher in the Aragon province.

works

Festivos alborozos, harmoniosos ecos, con que la sabia, subtil Mariana Escuela aplaude reverente y solemniza amante la Concepción Puríssima de María entre los bellos cambiantes de la Divina Gracia. En el Real y Observantissimo convento de San Francisco de la ciudad de Zaragoza (...) Orador el M.R.P. Fray Cristobal Palomo, Lector en Sagrada Theologia (...) (Zaragoza: Joseph Fort, 1766). Digitally available via the E-Europeana collections [ at the url http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/9200376/BibliographicResource_3000100300611.html?utm_source=api&utm_medium=api&utm_campaign=SoraGMm7b ], at the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica [at the url http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/biblioteca/Festivos%20alborozos,%20harmoniosos%20ecos,%20con%20que%20la%20...%20Subtil%20Mariana%20Escuela%20...%20solemniza%20la%20Concepcion%20Purissima%20de%20Maria%20...%20en%20el%20Real%20...%20Convento%20de%20San%20Francisco%20de%20...%20Zaragoza%20%20%20/qls/bdh0000142523;jsessionid=82A9142543A4DBE755009F4E9AD03BD3 ], and via Gallica.

literature

AIA 15 (1955), 389-390; Manuel de Castro, Bibliografía de las bibliografias franciscanas españolas e hispanoamericanas, Publicaciones de Archivo Ibero-Americano (Madrid: Ed. Cisneros, 1982), 160 (no. 658); Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII VI (1991), 263 (no. 1873).

Christobaldus de Lisbona (Christophorus Ulyssiponensis/Cristóvão de Lisboa, 1583-1652)

OFMRec. Portuguese friar, missionary (in Brazil and Angola) and biologist.

works

Cartas: MS Lisbon, Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, MS 29, no. 28.

História dos Animaes e Arvores do Maranhão (Lisbon: Arguivo Historico Ultramarino e Centro de Estudos Historicos Ultramarinos, 1967). A new edition followed 23 years later: História dos Animaes e Arvores do Maranhão, ed. J. Walter (Lisbon, 2000).

Santoral de varios sermoens de sanctos, Composto por Fr. Christoval de Lisboa, Religioso da Ordem do Seraphico Padre S. Francisco da Provincia de Sancto Antonio dos Capuchos de Portugal Lente de Theologia, Revèdor, & Calificador de Sancto Officio (Lisbon: Antonio Alvarez, 1638). Accessible via the Indiana University Library (Bloomington) and also via Google Books.

Sermão da quarta dominga da quaresma (...) (Lisbon: P. Craesbeeck, 1641).

Sermão da tereceira dominga do Advento, quando se jurou El-rei D. Joãa IV por rei/Sermam da terceira dominga do advento que na occasiaõ em que el Rey Dom Ioão o IIII (...) (Lisbon: António Alvares, 1641). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Sermao da quarta dominga da quaresma offerecido a Raynha N. Senhora Nelle se referé os males espirituaes, & temporaes, que sobreuierão a este Reyno de Portugal, em quãto esteve debaixo da administraçaõ de Castella (...) (Lisbon: Paolo Craesbeeck, 1641). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Sermaõ que estando o senhor exposto, no convento de S. Antonio dos Capuchos desta Cidade por ordem da Raynha Nossa Senhora a 18. de Setembro de 1643. Prégou Fr. Christovão de Lisboa (...) (Lisbon: Lourenço de Anveres, 1644). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Sermam, que na terceira sexta feira da quaresma prègou na Capella Real a 2. de Março de 1646 o P. Fr. Christovão de Lisboa da Ordem de S. Francisco, da Provincia de Santo Antonio, Lente de Theologia, Revedor, & Calificador do Santo officio, & Bispo eleito de Angola (Lisbon: Paulo Craesbeeck, 1646). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Sermao que na festa da immaculada conceipçam da Sacratissima Virgem nossa senhora, Padreoeira do Reyno, prégou na Capella Real a 8 de Dezembro de 1645. Frey Christovão de Lisboa (...) (Lisbon: Paolo Craesbeeck, 1646). Accessible via the digital collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and via Google Books.

Sermam, que na quinta sesta feira da quaresma pregou na Capela Real a 27. de Março de 1648 o P. Fr. Christovam de Lisboa, Lente de Theologia, Revedor, & Calificador do Santo officio, & Bispo eleito de Angola (...) (Lisbon: Gomez de Carvalho, 1648).

Jardim da Sagrada Escritura disposto em modo Alfabético (Lisbon: Pedro Craesbeeck, 1653). Published posthumously.

To be continued

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 264; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 195; Luiza da Fonseca, 'Frei Cristóvão de Lisboa, O. F. M., Missionary and Natural Historian of Brazil', The Americas 8:3 (January 1952), 289-303; João Francisco Marques, 'Frei Cristovão de Lisboa, missionário no Maranhão e Grão-Pará (1624-1635), e a defesa dos Índios Brasileiros', Revista da Faculdade de Letras-Historia 2nd Ser. 13 (1996), 323-351; F. Frade, 'Comentàrio zoològico relative à Història dos animais e árvores do Maranhão (1625-1631), de Frei Cristovão de Lisbon', Garcia de Orta 14:3 (1966), 343-350; Maria Adelina Amorim, Os Franciscanos no Maranhão e grão-para: missão e cultura na primeira metade de Seiscentos (Lisbon: Centro de Estudos de História Religiosa-Faculdade de Teologia Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2005), passim; M. de Lourdes Sirgado Ganho, ‘Frei Cristóvão de Lisboa (Lisboa 1583-Lisboa 1652)’, Itinerarium 59:207 (2013), 425-432; L. Marques de Sousa, 'Frei Cristóvão de Lisboa (1583-1652) Vida e Obra do primeiro custódio do Maranhão (trabalhos apostólicos, historiografia e primeiros estudos de zoologia amazónica)' [available via www.academia.edu].

Christophorus de Rojas y Spinola (Cristobal de Rojas y Spinola, 1626-1695)

OFMRec. Spanish friar. Born in Roermond (present-day Limburg province, The Netherlands) from Spanish noble parentage. Joined the order and went through the Franciscan school program. Afterwards, he became active at the court of Emperor Leopold I in Vienna, and he acted as an imperial embassador/representative throughout Germany, Spain and Rome. He obtained the episcopal see of Knin (present-day Croatia), and later (1685) he was made bishop of Wiener-Neustadt. He became known for his attempts to reconcile Protestants and Catholics, and in this context entered into exchanges with Molanus, the Lutheran Abbot of Loccum, and with the philosopher Leibniz. Among other things, Spinola proposed the organisation of a large ecumenical council, following a number of preparatory meetings between Catholic and Protestant theologians to settle the most important dogmatic differences. He also proposed a recognition of the ministry of Protestant clergymen, who in turn would accept papal authority, and in addition suggested that, to facilitate matters, the Catholic Church should allow the laity access to the chalice during the Eucharist, and allow priests who were so inclined the right to marry. None of these ideas could convince the most prominent spokesmen and authorities on either side of the confessional divide.

works

Regulae circa Christianorum omnium ecclesiasticam reunionem. Several manuscript copies are apparently available in Hanover, and excerpts are provided in several studies mentioned below.

literature

G. Menge, Franz. Stud., 1 (1914), 28-34 & 2 (1915), 1-62 ; DThC; John Philip Spielman, Christoval de Roxas y Spinola, 1626-1695, PhD. Thesis (University of Wisconsin, 1957); Samual J.T. Miller & John P. Spielman Jr., Crístobal Rojas y Spínola, Cameralist and Irenicist, 1626–1695, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 52, 5 (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1962) [See also the mixed review in The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 14:2 (October 1963), 239]; Paul Eisenkopf, Leibniz und die Einigung der Christenheit (Munich: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 1975), passim; H. Otte, Die Reunionsgespräche im Niedersachsen des 17. Jahrhunderts (Göttingen, 1999); LThK³ IX, 846; Johannes Madey, ‘Spinola Cristòbal de Rojas y (auch: Christophe de Rojas y Spinola)’, in: Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche ³IX, 846; Karin Masser, Bruder in Christo. Christóbal de Gentil de Rojas y Spinola OFM [ep., rec. † 1695] und der lutherische Abt Gerardus Wolterius Molanus. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Unionsbestrebungen der katholischen und evangelischen Kirche im 17. Jahrhundert, Diss. (Innsbruck, Theol. Fakultät, 2000); Karin Masser, Christobal de Gentil de Rojas y Spinola O.F.M. und der lutherische Abt Gerardus Wolterius Molanus. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Unionsbestrebungen der katholischen und evangelischen Kirche im 17. Jahrhundert, Reformationsgeschichtliche Studien und Texte, 145 (Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2002).

Christophorus de Romandiola (Cristoforo di Romagna/de Cahors) (ca. 1172-1272, Cahors) b. in 1905

OFM. French friar. He was a secular priest before he entered the order of Francis in 1215. Francis sent him to Aquitania, where he preached against the Albigensians. Founded several Francican convents in Cahors and neighbouring areas. Author?

literature:

AF, 3 (1897), 161-173 (Vita written by Bernard of Bessa, Cahors, 1304?); AFH, 4 (1911), 619ff; Aureola, 5 (...?), 501-514; BiblSS, 4, 366f; Giambattista Montorsi, ‘Beato Cristoforo di Romagna [d. 1272]’, in: Risuona nelle mie orecchie, 7-20.

Christophorus de Varisio (Cristoforo Picinelli da Varese, d. 1491)

OMObs. Italian Friar from Varese. Studied Roman and Canon Law before he entered the Franciscan order. Worked with Giovanni da Capistrano and also was Giovanni’s first biographer. After Giovanni da Capistrano’s death, Cristoforo remained active as preacher in Austria, Bohemia, and Poland. Between 1453 and 1467/68, he was vicar general of Bohemia. Just after 1467, he apparently lived in Jerusalem. Also known to have edited the provincial constitutions of the Polish province. Aside from a biography of Giovanni da Capistrano and provincial constitutions for the Polish province, Cristoforo composed a Declaratio Regulae/Declaratio super Regulam, two treatises on Franciscan order privileges (including those that made the Franciscans custodians f the holy land), and a Rosarium de Vita et Morte Christi (in verse).

works

Declaratio Regulae Fratrum Minorum: MSS Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale VII.E.75 ff. 1a-38d; VII.G.41; VII.G.42 ff. 3r-27v; Rieti, Biblioteca Communale I,2,34 ff, 231v-233r (15th cent.); Kórnik, Biblioteka Kórnicka Polskiej Akademii Nauk I.B.19 [sec. XVI], ff. 308r-317r; L'Aquila, Biblioteca Provinciale «Salvatore Tommasi» J-151.

Exhortatio in Capitulo generali 1487: MS Kórnik, Biblioteka Kórnicka Polskiej Akademii Nauk I.G.119 [sec. XV-XVI], ff. 188r-189r.

Commentum super Privilegia guardiani Montis Sion et fratrum in Syria et Palestina habitantium collecta: MS Kórnik, Biblioteka Kórnicka Polskiej Akademii Nauk I.F.97 [sec. XV ex.], ff. 34r-52v. See also under Tractatus de Privilegiis Guardiani Montis Sion et Fratrum in Syria et Palaestina Habitantium.

Privilegia fratrum Minorum in Terra Sancta et in Bosna: MS Kórnik, Biblioteka Kórnicka Polskiej Akademii Nauk I.F.97 [sec. XV ex.], f. 30.

Tractatus de Privilegiis Guardiani Montis Sion et Fratrum in Syria et Palaestina Habitantium. Same work as the Commentum super Privilegia guardiani Montis Sion et fratrum in Syria et Palestina habitantium collecta? For a partial edition of this treatise concerning the privileges dealing with the Holy Land, see P. Girolamo Golubovich, Serie cronologica dei reverendissimi superiori di Terra Santa (Jerusalem: Tipografia del Convento di S. Salvatore, 1898), XXVII, Incipiunt privilegia per diversos summos pontifices fratribus Terrae Sanctae concessa, per ordinem Alphabeti. This is still in the archive of the Franciscans in Jerusalem and forms the basis of the Bullarium Terrae Sanctae. Cristoforo apparently compiled the priviliges collection at the request of Francesco da Piacenza, the Franciscan custodian of the Holy Land (1467-72). The treatise contains 46 papal bulls issued between 1230 and 1448. He also certified, through his research, the sites of nine plenary indulgences in Jerusalem, including four that could be gained in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.

Statuta pro provincia Polona: MS Kórnik, Biblioteka Kórnicka Polskiej Akademii Nauk I.F.97 [sec. XV ex.], ff. 135v-136r.

Vita S. Joannis de Capistrano (1462), edited in AASS 23 October, 270-271, 491-546. CF. BHL, no. 4363.

Rosarium de Vita et Morte Christi. Published as an appendix to the Interrogatorio ossia Regola della Vita Christiana (Milan, 1493) [Hain no. 9259]

Epistola ad Patres et fratres provinciae Boemae, edited in F. Gonzaga, De origine seraphicae religionis franciscanae (Rome, 1587), 353.

literature

Wadding, Annales Minorum ad. ann. 1491, no. 4-6; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 266DSpir II, 876; Cenci, Napoli, I, 528; MIRABILE. Archivio digitale della cultura medievale/Digital Archives for Medieval Culture [at the url http://www.mirabileweb.it/calma/christophorus-de-varisio-v-1451-m-1491/1131 ]

Christophorus de Verrucchio (Christophorus Verruchinus/Christophorus Verucchini/Cristoforo da Verucchio/Cristoforo Facciardi/'il Verucchino', 1555-1630)

OFMCap. Italian friar from the Bologna province. He died at the age of 75 in 1630. Preacher, historian, hagiographer, liturgist and author of spiritual works…

works

Essercitii d'anima, raccolti da SS Padri, Predicati in diverse città d'Italia, Predicati dal R.P.F. Christoforo Vervcchino (...) corretti, & in molti luoghi ampliati. In fine aggiontoui una predica delle grandezze della B. Caterina da Bologna & una Breve raccolta di tutte le indulgenze plenarie per le vivi & per li morti (Venice: Giovanni Guerigli, 1592/Venice: Giovanni Guerigli, 1593/Venice: Giovanni Guerigli, 1596/Venice: Appresso Giouanni Guerigli, 1605). In any case the 1592 edition is accessible via the digital collections of the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Vienna and via Google Books.

Vita del Beato Giovanni, Canonico della Cattedrale di Rimini, e del B. Roberto Malatesta, con altre sacre memorie di Verucchio, terra della diocesi dell'istessa città di Rimini (Rimini: Simbeni, 1610).

Compendio Di Cento Meditationi Sacre: Sopra Tvtta La Vita, e la Passione si del Signore, come della Madonna, è sopra tutti gli altri essercitij della vita spirituale (Venice: Nicolò Misserini, 1596)/ Compendio di cento meditationi sacre sopra tutta la vita, e la passione si del Signore come della Madonna, e sopra tutti gli altri essercitii della vita spirituale (...) (Venice: Nicolò Misserini, 1623)/Compendio di cento meditationi sacre sopra tutta la vita e la passione sì del Signore come della Madonna e sopra tutti gli altri essercitij della vita spirituale (Venice: Appresso Nicolo Misserini, 1627)/Compendio di cento meditationi sacre sopra tutta la vita, e la passione sì del Signore come della Madonna, e sopra tutti gl'altri essercitij della vita spirituale. Raccolto dal r.p.f. Christoforo Verucchino dell'ord. de' frati minori Capuccini. Aggiuntoui in questa vltima impressione le Meditationi della Pass. di nostro Sign. Giesu Christo, distribuite per i sette giorni della settimana dell'istesso autore (Venice: Giovanni Battista Combi, 1640). Several of these editions are accessible via the Biblioteca Alessandrina in Rome, the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence, the Bibliothèque Municipale/Numérique of Lyon. and via Google Books. A Latin translation appeared as: Centum meditationes de praecipuis spiritualis vite misteriis nunc recens ex italica in latinam linguam, trans. Antonius Dulcken (Cologne: Sumptibus Conradi Burgeny, 1605/Cologne: Conrad Butgenius, 1605). This Latin version is in any case accessible via the Czech National Library (Narodni Knihovna) and via Google Books.

Centum Meditationes, see under Compendio Di Cento Meditationi Sacre.

Meditazioni dei principali misteri della vita spirituale (Venice: Misserini, 1599). To what extent is this just another edition of the Compendio Di Cento Meditationi Sacre?

Vitae et gesta sanctorum Ecclesiae Verruchine (Venice: Misserini, 1600).

Caeremoniale sacrum ad usum PP. Capucinorum (Venice: Misserini, 1614). Ascription secure?

Porta aurea, et sanctuarium sacrae Theologiae tum scholasticae tum positivae: MS?

Predica delle grandezze della beata Catherina da Bologna (Bologna: Giovanni Battista Bellagamba, 1600). This work, based on a sermon that was also included in some form in several editions of Essercitii d'anima, raccolti da SS Padri in diverse citta d'Italia predicati dal Christoforo Vervcchino was later also transformed into a Latin treatise. See for instance: Vita et institutiones B. Catharinae Bononiensis Virginis, Abbatissae Coenobii Corporis Christi Bononiae, Ordinis S. Clarae, cujus corpus adhuc penitus incorruptum & suaveolens inter praecipuas sacras Italiae Reliquias numeratur (Freiburg im Breisgau: Paulus Düsel, 1708). Accessible via the digital collections of the Staatsbibliothek Regensburg/Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Munich and via Google Books.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 263; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 194; Gabriele da Modigliana, Leggendario Cappuccino ovvero vite di persone per virtu, e pietà illustri della serafica religione cappuccina del Padre San Francesco d'Assisi. Tomo Primo, Che comprende tutto il Mese di Gennajo (Venice: Dionisio Bassi, 1767), 271-275; Jean-Baptiste Glaire, Dictionnaire universel des sciences ecclésiastiques I, 770; DSpir II, 876-877; Lexicon Capuccinum, 402; Collectanea Franciscana 37 (1967), 327; Salvatore Rizzolino, Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariae. Poemetti mariani dimenticati fra Lagrime e Rime spirituali del Tasso. Appendice di testi mariani cappuccini tra XVI-XVII sec., ed. Costanzo Cargnoni, Centro Studi Cappuccini Lombardi. Nuova Serie, 4 (Milan: Edizioni Biblioteca Francescana, 2017), 487-495 (on his mariological texts).

Christophorus Feist (fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFM. German friar. Member of the Cologne province. To him is ascribed a treatise for a local confraternity.

works

Armatura David, pro Confraternitate Chordae (Mainz, 1648). We have not yet been able to trace this work.

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I,>> ; Fortunatus Huber, Dreyfache Cronickh von dem dreyfachen Orden des grossen H. Seraphinischen Ordens-Stiffters Francisci (...), 770.

Christophorus Fleming (Patrick Fleming/Christopher Fleming, 1599–1631)

OFM. Irish Franciscan friar, born as Christopher Fleming in Baile Atha Lagain (Lagan Bridge, county of Louth). Traveled in 1612 to the Irish College at Douai (where his oncle Christopher Cusack was guardian). He joined the Irish Franciscans at St Anthony's College, Louvain, in 1617, and made his profession a year later to Anthony Hickey, taking the name Patrick. Fleming was ordained priest around 1622, and the following year he traveled to Rome as the socius of Hugh MacCaughwell OFM. During this journey they encountered in Paris Hugh Ward OFM and the leading lector of the Irish college in Paris, Thomas Messingham. Together they decided to start collecting and publishing Irish saints’ lives. As a result, Fleming visited many Italian and French libraries, corresponding with MacCaughwell, Messingham, Ward, and others. In the Aracoeli friary in Rome, he also worked with MacCaughwell on John Duns Scotus. Fleming fulfulled his doctoral examinations at the Franciscan General Chapter of 1624, and the following year was appointed lecturer in philosophy at the newly erected St Isidore's College in Rome, founded that year. When MacCaughwell died in 1626, shortly after his appointment as archbishop of Armagh, Fleming wrote his biography, which became a source for the eulogy on MacCaughwell by the Louvain scholar Nicholas Vernulaeus. By 1627, Fleming himself was teaching philosophy at Louvain, bringing with him materials on Irish saints gathered in a number of European libraries. Before he was able to get his edition of the lives of St Columban and other Irish saints ready for press, he was sent to the new Irish Franciscan college in Prague, where he taught theology, continued his works on Irish saints and medieval Irish religious life and helped defend the existence of the new college against Observant and notably Capuchin opposition. Due to the Thirty years War and the threat of the army of Gustav of Sweden, the college was evacuated in the Fall of 1631. On the road, Fleming and others were ambushed by a Protestant militia and killed. He was buried in the Franciscan church of Votice. After his death, many of Fleming’s editorial works were completed and brought to press by his Louvain collegues (See also under Hugo Vardaeus/Hugo Ward). His works on St. Colomban were issued by Thomas Sheeran at Louvain in 1666.

works

R.P.F. Patricii Flemingi … Collectanea sacra, seu, S. Columbani Hiberni abbatis acta , ed. Thomas Sheeran (Sirinus) (Louvain, 1666).

literature

W. Reeves, ‘Irish library: no. 2, Fleming's Collectanea sacra’, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 2 (1854), 253-261; E. Hogan, ‘Irish historical studies in the seventeenth century’, Irish Ecclesiastical Record, new Ser., 7 (1870–1871), 31-43, 56-77, 193-216; R.J. Kelly, ‘The Irish Franciscans in Prague, 1629–1768: their literary labours’, Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 6th Ser., 12 (1922), 169-174; F. Ó Briain, ‘Irish Franciscan historians of St. Anthony's College, Louvain: Patrick Fleming’, Catholic Bulletin 18 (1928), 77-87; F. Matthews, ‘Brevis synopsis provinciae Hiberniae FF. Minorum’, ed. B. Jennings, Analecta Hibernica 6 (1934), 139-191; B. Jennings (ed.), ‘Documents from the archives of St Isidore's College, Rome’, Analecta Hibernica 6 (1934), 203-247; B. Jennings, ‘The Irish Franciscans in Prague’, Studies: an Irish Quarterly Review 28 (1939), 210-222; B. Jennings (ed.), ‘Documents of the Irish Franciscan college at Prague’, Archivium Hibernicum 9 (1942), 173-294; N. Wright, ‘Columbanus's Epistulae’, in: Columbanus: studies on the Latin writings, ed. Michael Lapidge (1997), 29–92; P.A. Breatnach, ‘An Irish Bollandus: Fr Hugh Ward and the Louvain hagiographical enterprise’, Éigse 31 (1999), 1-30; Ignatius Fennessy, ‘Fleming, Christopher (1599–1631)’, in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, Oct 2008: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9708).

Christophorus Leutbrewer (Keutbrewer, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OFM. German Franciscan friar from the Cologne province. Known to have resided in Cologne itself around 1650. He produced a rather peculiar confession manual, the Industria spiritualis in qua modus traditur praeparandi se ad confessionem aliquam plurimorum annorum, ita ut spatio duarum horarum, paratus quis esse possit vel à centum annis confiteri, etsi calamum non attingat, & id accuratè, sine periculo culpabilis omissionis peccatorum mortalium. &c. (Cologne: Apud Michaëlum Demenium, 1634).

works

Industria spiritualis in qua modus traditur praeparandi se ad confessionem aliquam plurimorum annorum, ita ut spatio duarum horarum, paratus quis esse possit vel à centum annis confiteri, etsi calamum non attingat, & id accuratè, sine periculo culpabilis omissionis peccatorum mortalium. &c. (Cologne: Apud Michaëlum Demenium, 1634). Accessible via Google Books. This work was later translated into French Flemish and Spanish. Several editions can now be accessed via Google Books, via the digital collections of Ghent university library and other digital portals, such as the Europeana collections.

literature

L. Ceyssens, 'La pratique de la confession générale: 'La confession coupée' suivant le P. Christophe Leutbrewer', in: Jansénius et le jansénisme dans les Pays-Bas, ed. dans J. Van Bavel & M. Schrama (Louvain, 1982), 93-113; R. Aubert, 'Leutbrewer (Christophe)', DHGE XXXI (2013), 1174.

Christophorus Numalius (Christophorus Numajus/Cristoforo Numalio/Cristoforo Numai de Forli, d. 1528)

OM & OFM. Italian friar from Forli. Studied in France, where he obtained a doctorate. Confessor of Louise of Savoy, minister general (first general of the OFM after the division of 1517), and made Cardinal of Santa Maria di Araceli by Pope Leo X. He was mistreated/tortured by Imperial soldiers during the sack of Rome and died of his injuries in 1528. He would have written several theological, ascetical and moral works, yet these apparently have not survived. What in any case did survive were parts of his correspondence with Francesco II Gonzaga of Mantua.

works

Lettere: Letter exchanges with various rulers and church officials. On the correspondence between Cristoforo Numai and Francesco II Gonzaga of Mantua, see Giuseppe Gardoni, 'Appunti per una ricostruzione delle relazioni tra Osservanza francescana e principi Gonzaga tra Quattro e Cinquecento', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 114:3-4 (2021), 625-646. Letters addressed to François I of France and others concerning the liberation of Clement VII after the sack of Rome (1527) would have been included in Book II of Paulus Bonolus' Historia Forilivii, and in Book I, chapter 5 of Georgius Vivianus Marchesius' Vitæ Virorum illustrium Foroliviensium (1726). This needs further checking.

Exhortatio ad Galliarum Regem Franciscum I in Turcas: MS? This would have been an exhortation in a 'heroic' poetic style.

literature

Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 194; Archivio Storico Italiano, 152 (1994), 735-766; Stefano Fabbri & Andrea Fabbri, ‘Due documenti sul cardinale Cristoforo Numai OFM’, Studi Francescani 112:3-4 (2015), 543ff.; Ferdinand Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages (Cambridge: CUP, 2010 [condensed re-issue of the 1902 edition]), 235, 590; Giuseppe Gardoni, 'Appunti per una ricostruzione delle relazioni tra Osservanza francescana e principi Gonzaga tra Quattro e Cinquecento', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 114:3-4 (2021), 625-646.

Christopher Ruisius (Cristoforo Ruiz, ca 1490-1550)

OFM. Spanish friar. Entered the Observant branch in the province of the Immaculate Conception. Departed for Mexico in March 1538, together with fourteen other friars (a.o. Juan de Gaona). Christopher became guardian of the Tlalmanalco convent, provincial counsellor of the Santo Evangelio province, and two times guardian of the San Francisco de Mexico convent (apparently, Christopher was not much of a language scholar, which limited his possibilities to work as a missionary among the Mexican people). He seemingly had a good reputation as local and regional order administrator and as man of prayer and meditation. He left behind a Tratado de Oración (1540), a prayer book with illuminist tendencies, showing the influence of Franciscan mysticism (particularly the mysticism of Francisco de Osuna). Christopher died on 25 January 1550, and was buried in the crypt of the San Francisco de Mexico convent.

works

Tratado de Oración (Mexico, 1540).

literature

Wadding, Annales Minorum XIX (Quaracchi, 1933), 77; Francesco Gonzaga, De Origine Seraphicae Religionis (Venice, 1603), 1453; Arturo de Monasterio, Martyrologium Franciscanum (Paris, 1653); AASS 25 March (Antwerp, 1668), 533; F. Hueber, Menologium Sanctorum (Muhich, 1698), 763 (25 March); Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 266; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 194; Joquin García Icazbalceta, Nueva Colección de documentos para la historia de Mexico (Mexico, 1889) II, 331;Marcellino da Civezza, Storia delle Missione Francescane (Prato, 1881) VI, 555 & VII/2, 594, 605; A. du Monstier, Martirologio Francescano (Vatican City, 1946), 89 (25 March); AIA 8 (1948), 61; A. Vetancurt, Theatro Mexicano (Madrid, 1961), IV, 243; A. Chávez, The Codex Oroz (Washington D.C., 1972), 127, 130; DSpir XIII, 1122.

Christovam de Jesu (Christovam de Jesus/Christovão de Iesus, fl. early 17th cent.)

OFM. Portuguese friar. Missionary and language scholar.

works

Arte gramatical da lingua camarina/Gramatica da lingua Bramana ordenada pello Pe Fr. Christovão de Iesus (1635).

literature

Otto Zwartjes, Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800 (Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2011), 47.

Chrysanthus Braclaviensis (Bower Zacharyasz, d. 1827)

works

He issued a Polish translation of the Annales Ordinis Capuccinorum, the first volume of which was issued in Warshaw, 1780. The second volume apparently did not make it to the printing press.

literature

Catalogus Scriptorum Ordinis Minorum S. Francisci Capuccinorum, ab anno 1747 usque ad annum 1852, sive Appendix ad Bibliothecam Scriptorum Capuccinorum a P. Bernardo Bononiensi (...) (Rome: Gaetano A. Bertinelli, 1852), 18.

Chrysanthus Platner (Chrysanth Plattner, 1730-1766)

Chrysologus de Gy (Chrysologue de Gy/Noël André, 1728-1808)

OFMCap. French friar. Born in 1728. Joined the order in the Lyon province. Also active in the Franche-Comté. Astronomer, geographer.

works

Mémoire sur les moyens de simplifier les frais nécessaires pour renouveler les grands globes de la bibliothèque du Roi (1770).

Description et usage de la mappemonde projetée sur l'horizon de Paris (...) (1774).

Hémisphère superieur d'une Mappemonde projetée sur le plan de l'Horizon de Paris (Paris, 1774 & 1779).

Abrégé d'astronomie pour l'usage des planisphères (1777).

Planispherium (1778).

Planisphères celestes projectés sur le plan de l'Equateur, avec un abrégé d'Astronomie pour leur usage; dédiés & présentés au roi, imprimés avec l'approbation & sous le privilege de l'académie royale des sciences de Paris (Paris: Mérigot l'Aîné-Perrier & Verrier, 1778). [cf. review in L'Esprit des journaux, françois et étrangers 6 (179), 409.]Liste des cantons des départements de la Haute-Saone, du Doubs et du Jura extraite des procès-verbaux sur la division de la France en département par le R.P. Chrisologue de Gy (1790).

Théorie de la surface de la Terre, précédée de la Vie de l'auteur (Paris, 1806/Paris: J.J. Blaise, 1813).

Carte de la Franche-Comté. ?

literature

Joseph Marie Quérard, Les supercheries littéraires dévoilées: Galerie des écrivains français de toute l'Europe qui se sont déguisés sous des anagrammes, des astéronymes, des cryptonymes, des initialismes, des noms littéraires, des pseudonymes facétieux ou bizarres, Tome I: A-E (Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1882), 728; A. Gasser, Le P. Chrysologue de Gy (Paris, 1896); Ubald d'Alençon, P. Chrysologue de Gy. Géographe et Astronome (Angers, 1901); Ubald d'Alençon, 'Capucin Géographe et Astronome', Etudes Franciscaines 5 (1901), 399-412; Lexicon Capuccinum (1951), 142.

Chrysostomos de Capranica (Crisostomo da Capranica, fl. early 17th cent.)

OFM. Italian friar from Tuscany. Member of the Roman province. Provincial definitor and bishop of Firmino (Aegean region).

works

Officium Sanctissimi Nominis Tetragrammaton: honorem, laudem & gloriam per eius literas alphabeticas a qualibet creatura rationali recitandum (Vienna: Wolffgãng Schump, 1614).

De ineffabili Dei nomine Tetragrammaton F. Chrisostomus Carlettus a Capranica Firminiae Episcopus (Madrid, 1623). Accessible via Archive.org [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Crisostomo+Capranica%22 ].

literature

Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 267; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 195.

Chrysostomos de Gaufridy (d. 1670)

OFMRec. French friar. Member of the Recollect S. Bernardin province. Chronicler of the Recollect reformation.

works

Historia Provinciae S. Bernardini: MS Madrid ? Check Péano.

literature

P. Péano, `Les Chroniques et les débuts de la réforme des Récollets dans la Province de Provence', AFH, 65 (1972), 157-224.

Chrysostomos de Guglionesi (d. 1621)

OFMCap. Italian friar.

literature

Luigi Cianilli, Sette stelle di prima grandezza nel Convento dei Cappuccini di Serracapriola (Foggia: Ed. Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 2005)

Chrysostomos de Sancto Laudiense (Chrysostomos Sanlaudensis/Chrysostome de Saint.-Lô, 1594-1646)

TOR. French priest from Normandy and member of the Franciscan Third Order. Influential spiritual guide of the French queens Maria de Medici and Anne of Austria. He also had an important role in the Caen hermitage. He wrote several ascetical and meditative works, as well as a treatise on Augustine. See for more information Joannes Chrysostomos de St.-Lo (letter J).

Chrysostomos Kuczinski (fl. 17th cent.)

OFMConv. Polish friar.

works

Chloris Caelica: Panegyris Latina in laudem B. Salomeae (Cracow: Stanislav Piotrkouszczyh, 1673).

literature

Giovanni Franchini, Bibliosofia e memorie letterarie di scrittori Francescani conventuali Ch'hanno scritto dopo 'Anno 1585 (Modena: Eredi Soliani Stampatori, 1693), 160.

Clara Assisiensis (1193-1253), sancta

OSD. Italian Damianite nun & order founder. Born at Assisi in a urban noble family (Daughter of Favarone di Offreduccio di Bernardino and Ortolana). Joined Francis at the Portiuncola around ‘Palmpasen’ 1211 (1212). After a short stay at several female Benedictine houses, in the neighbourhood of Assisi, she was able to establish herself with her sister (Agnes) in the small St. Damien church (rebuilt by Francesco d’Assisi), where she shaped the first female Franciscan community. This was the start of the Order of Poor Clares. Around this time Francesco gave Clara a short rudimentary forma vitae, with special emphasis on evangelical poverty and stressing the special relation with the male movement. [Francesco d’Assisi, Forma Vivendi S. Clarae Data, ed. Esser (1978), 162-163. (This rudimentary rule for the Poor Clares was later , incorporated in the the rule written by Clare that was approbated in 1253). Following the Fourth Lateran Council, which forbade the creation of new religious rules, Clara was more or less forced to adopt the Rule of Benedict. Yet she asked and obtained for her St. Damian community an additional poverty privilege by pope Innocent III in 1215/1216. [For a long time, no early manuscripts were known of this privilegium paupertatis. It could be found in the Firmamenta Trium Ordinum (Paris, 1512) Part V, f. 5r. This lead to doubts concerning its authenticity, although it was repeatedly edited in opera omnia collections and collections of legal texts, such as Privilegium Paupertatis: Seraphicae Legislationis Textus Originales (Quaracchi, 1897), 97-98. The doubts concerning the Privilegium were for a while put aside by the studies of Lazzeri, Sabatier and Grau (Z. Lazzeri, ‘Il ‘Privilegium paupertatis’ concesso da Innocenzo III e che cosa fosse in origine’, AFH 11 (1918), 270-276; Paul Sabatier, ‘Le Privilège de la pauvreté’, Revue d’Histoire Franciscaine 1 (1924), 1-54; Engelbert Grau, ‘Das Privilegium paupertatis Innocenz III’, Franziskanische Studien 21 (1949), 337-349; E. Grau, ‘Das Privilegium paupertatis der hl. Klare. Geschichte und Bedeutung’, Wissenschaft und Weisheit 38 (1975), 17-25), and recently, it was possible to make a new edition on the basis of three newly found old manuscripts (cf. editions below).] When the number of communities of Poor Clares (Poor Sisters of St. Damian) becan to grow, pope Honorius III asked his legate, cardinal Hugolin to act as their protector. Hugolin made these new communities excempt from episcopal jurisdiction, giving them all the Rule of Benedict and composed himself (without asking advice of Francesco d’Assisi or Clara) in 1218-1219 a Forma et Modus Vitae, with special emphasis on clausura, silence, fasting and bodily mortification. This rule was approved by Honorius III in 1219 (a.o. edited in I. Omaechevarría, Escritos de Santa Clara y Documentos complementarios (Madrid, 1982²), 206-232. The Rule of Hugonin does not emphasis evangelical poverty. Nor does it acknowledge the family relationship with the Friars Minor.) After Hugonin had become pope (Gregory IX), Clara was able to obtain for her own community at St. Damian a confirmation of the Privilegium Paupertatis (in the papal bulls Cum omnis vera of May 1239 (Gregory IX), BF I, 263-267 and Solet Annuere (November 1245, by Innocent IV, BF I, 394-399)), yet the rule of Hugonin remained in force for all communities of Poor Sisters. On 6 August 1247, Innocent IV issued a new rule for the Poor Sisters (Cf. the bull Cum omnis vera, BF I, 476-483. The Regula Inn. Can also be found in I. Omaechevarría, Escritos de Santa Clara y Documentos complementarios (Madrid, 1982²), 237-259. Innocent put the Poor Clares under the jurisdiction of the Friars Minor and made the Regula Bullata of the Franciscan order the juridical basis for the way of life of the Poor Sisters (?), yet without integrating the Privilegium Paupertatis in the new rule for the Poor Sisters. In reaction, Clara d’Assisi produced her own rule, with recourse to the Francesco’s rudimentary Forma Vitae, the Regula Bullata, the Regula Hug., the Regula Inn. and her own spiritual insights. This new rule, which again stresses evangelical poverty (characterised by a refusal of possessions and stable revenues, but allowing the use of money) received official approval on 16 september 1252 by the cardinal protector Raynaldus, and on 9 August 1253 by pope Innocent IV, a few months before Clara’s death. However, Clare’s rule was only approved for the Sant Damian monastery and was not binding for the other communities of Poor Sisters. In France, the Poor Clare Elisabeth (sister of King Louis IX) obtained approval for a rule of her own, written for the Longchamp community of Poor Sisters. This rule was approved by pope Alecander IV (Bull Sol ille verus, February 1259, BF II, 64-68). This rule later was modified and approved for other monasteries by pope Urban IV (Bull Religionis augmentum, July 1263, BF II, 477-486). Shortly thereafter, Urban IV ordered another rule to be made for the order of Poor Clares as a whole, to unify the way of life in the various communities. This rule was compiled on request of Urban IV by Cardinal protector Orsini (the future pope Nicholas III). This new rule of Urban IV was issued for all monasteries of the ‘order of St. Claire’ in the bull Beata Clara (October 1263, BF II, 509-521[For general information concerning the legislation history of the Poor Clares, see: L. Oliger, ‘De origine Regularum Ordinis S. Clarae’, AFH 5 (1912), 181-209, 413-447; I. Omaechevarría, ‘La ‘Regla’y las Reglas de la Orden de Santa Clara’, Collectanea Franciscana 46 (1976), 93-119.] See the literature below for more details on her life and career. Five of her spiritual letters do survive, as does her rule, her testament and (spurious?) a benediction. After her death, Clare received many vitae (see also the vita & miracula section of this internet site) and was officially canonised in 1255 [BF II, 811-84]

works

Opera Omnia. Clare’s works have appeared in several editions of Franciscan sources (which normally also include several saints’ lives on Clare, the writings and vitae of Francis etc.), such as the omnibus: Textus Opusculorum S. Francisci et S. Clarae Assisiensium, ed. Giovanni Boccali (Assisi, 1976) and its re-issue as Opuscula S. Francisci et scripta S. Clarae Assisiensium, ed. Giovanni Boccali (Assisi, 1978). Independently, the works of Clare were first presented altogether in Escritos de Santa Clara y Documentos contemporaneos, ed. Ignacio Omaechevarría (Madrid, 1970 & Madrid, 1982). They also appeared as Sainte Claire d'Assise. Documents, biographie, écrits, procès et bulle de canonisation, textes de chroniqueurs, textes législatifs et tables, ed. D. Vorreux, (Paris, 1983/Paris: Les Éditions Franciscaines, 2002 [Deuxième édition revue et augmentée]); Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985) and in Chiara d’Assisi, Scritti (Vicenza, 1986). See on such collections also the vita & miracula section. For other general studies of her life and writings, including translated source omnibusses, see especially: P. Robinson, ‘The writings of S. Clare of Assisi’, AFH 3 (1910), 433-447; Leben und Schriften der hl. Klara von Assisi, ed. E. Grau (Werl, 1952); E. Grau, ‘Die Schriften der heiligen Klara und die Werke ihrer Biographen’, in: Movimento religioso femminile e francescanesimo nel secolo XIII, Atti del VII Convegno internazionale (Assisi, 11-13 ott. 1979) (Assisi, 1980); Leben und Schriften der heiligen Klara von Assisi, ed. Engelbert Grau & Marianne Schlosser, Franziskanische Quellenschriften 2, 8. neu bearbeitete Auflage (Kevelaer, 2001); Scritti e fonti biografiche di Chiara d’Assisi, introd. & trans. Chiara Augusta Lainata & Feliciano Olgiatti, in: Fonti francescane (Assisi, 1977), 2207-2465; Sainte Claire d’Assise. Sa vie par Thomas de Celano. Ses écrits, trans. D. Vorreux (Paris, 1953); Sainte Claire d’Assise, trans. D. Vorreux (Paris, 1983); Francis and Clate, The Complete Writings, trans. R.J. Armstrong & Ignatius C. Brady (New York-Ramsey-Toronto, 1982); Saint Clare of Assisi. Her Legend and selected Writings, trans. Christopher Stace, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (London-Triangle, 2000); Francisco y Clara de Asís, Escritos. Nueva edición, según las últimas ediciones críticas de los textos originales, ed. Javier Garrido, José Antonio Guerra & Julio Herranz (Castillo de Villamonte: Ediciones Franciscanas Arantzazu, 2013); Fonti Clariane: documentazione antica su santa Chiara d'Assisi: scritti, biografie, testimonianze, testi liturgici e sermoni, ed. Giovanni M. Boccali (Assisi 2013).

Litterae ad beatam Agnetem de Praga (four letters written between 1234 and 1253 to Agnes of Bohemia). These can be found in some of the collective works editions mentioned above. A.o. Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985), 82-119. They also can be found in AASS 6 March Volume I (Antwerp, 1668), 506-508 [Edited together with the Legend of Agnes of Bohemia], and in AFH 17 (1924), 513-519. The first critical edition was produced by J.K. Vyskocil in: Legenda Blahoslavené Anezky a ctyri listj Sv. Klàry, ed. J.K. Vyskocil (Prague, 1932), an edition which was re-issued with English translation as The Legend of Blessed Agnes of Bohemia and the Four Letters of St. Clare, ed. J.K. Vyskocil (Cleveland Ohio, 1963); L. Barabàs, ‘Le lettere di S. Chiara alla B. Agnese di Praga’, in: S. Chiara (…) Centenario, 123-143; Lettere ad Agnese. La visione dello specchio, ed. Giovanni Pozzi & Beatrice Rima, Piccola Biblioteca Adelphi 426 (Milan, 1999); Clare’s Letters to Agnes. Texts and Sources, ed. Joan Mueller, Texts and Sources (St. Bonaventure NY, 2001). See also W.W. Seton, ‘The letters from Saint Clare to blessed Agnes of Bohemia’, AFH 17 (1924), 509-519. There also exist several translations in several European languages. [These four letters are all that is left of the lengthy correspondence between Clara and Agnes (daughter of king Ottokar I of Bohemia and queen Constance of Hungary, and cousin of the Poor Clare Elisabeth of Hungary (1207-1231)) during twenty years. The letters are spiritual commendations in rather beautiful Latin, praising Agnes’ virtues and evangelical life and encouraging her in her chosen lifestyle of poverty and humility and in her devotion to the suffering Christ and the Virgin Mary. For an analysis of the spiritual themes in these letters, see also Alfonso Marini, ‘‘Ancilla Christi, plantula sancti Francisci’. Gli scritti di santa Chiara e la Regola’, in: Chiara d’Assisi, Atti del XX Convegno internazionale Assisi, 15-17 ottobre 1992 (Spoleto, 1993), 127ff.].

Benedictio, ed. in: Seraphicae Legislationis Textus Originales (Quaracchi, 1897), 281-284; Benediction, ed. W.W. Seton, in: Idem, ‘Some new sources for the life of Blessed Agnes of Prag, including some chronological notes and a new text of the Benediction of Saint Clara’, AFH 7 (1915), 185-197; Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985),186-189 (a new critical edition based on the available Latin manuscripts. [Supposedly a benediction of the present and future sisters, composed by Clara shortly before she died. As a matter of fact, the benediction resembles the benediction addressed to Agnes of Prague, which survives in some Medieval German manuscripts as an attachment to the fourth letter to Agnes. This German benediction to Agnes in turn resembles a comparable benediction addressed at Ermentrudis as found in a seventeenth-century Latin manuscript. The benediction to the poor sisters itself has survived in a fifteenth-century Medieval French manuscript, in two medieval Italian manuscripts, in some medieval Dutch manuscripts, in several Latin manuscripts and in the Chronica of Marco of Lisbon (Venice, 1582), Vol. I, l.8, chap. 34, p. 240. Cf. Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985), 27-28, as well as Ubald d’Alençon, ‘Le plus ancien texte de la bénédiction, du privilège de la pauvreté et du testament de sainte Claire d’Assise’, Revue d’histoire Franciscaine 1 (1924), 469-482; D. de Kok, ‘S. Clarae Benedictionis textus neerlandici’, AFH 27 (1934), 387-398; Cf. H. Lippens, AFH 40 (1947), 290-291.]

Regula, or rather Forma professionis/Forma Vitae/Forma paupertatis (compiled between 1247 and 1252, and officially approved in November 1253). These can be found in the Opera omnia editions mentioned above. A.o. Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985) 120-165. They also have been edited in old and new collections of legislative texts of the various Franciscan orders. Such as: Seraphicae Legislationis Textus Originales (Quaracchi, 1897), 49-76 (with the text of the bull of approval on pp. 2-3); Regulae et Constitutione Generales Monialium Ordinis S. Clarae (Rome, 1973) [Cf. E. Grau, ‘Die papstliche Bestätigung der Regel der hl. Klara (1253)’, Franziskanische Studien 35 (1953), 317-323. As a matter of fact, the rule of Clare never was called a Regula. It was commonly nown as the Forma (vitae/professionis etc.). This maybe was connected refusal after Lateran IV to accept new religious rules. Another way to overcome this hurdle was the explicit way in which this rule was presented as the forma vitae as transmitted to Clara by Francesco d’Assisi. Originally, the rule did not have a chapter division. However, soon it was divided into twelve chapters (in analogy with the Regula Bullata of Francesco d’Assisi, which it uses almost in full (with exception of the chapter on preachers) and symbolising its evangelical character (referring back to the twelve Apostles). Clara is the first female religious leader known to have produced a full-blown rule of her own. Cf. also literature below! ]

Testament. This can be found in several Opera omnia editions mentioned above. A.o. Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985) 166-185. They also have been edited in old and collections of legislative texts of the various Franciscan orders. Such as: Seraphicae Legislationis Textus Originales (Quaracchi, 1897), 273-280 (Testament), and first of all in in L. Wadding, Annales Minorum, ad. ann. 1253 no. 5.. [Like Francesco, Clara left behind a testament, retracing the origins of her life and her motivations, speaking of herself, Francesco, her sisters, her life in absolute poverty, and the special relation with the friars minor. As said before, there was for many years doubt concerning the autenticity of the testament, as for a long time no old manucript of the text could be found, and the text was in fact only available in L. Wadding, Annales Minorum, ad. ann. 1253 no. 5. However, in the twentieth century, several early manuscripts have been found that contain the testament (in the vernacular and in Latin), and several studies have appeared that have confirmed the authenticity of the text. See on these discussions Ch.A. Lainati, ‘testamento di S. Chiara’, in: Dizionario Francescano (Padua, 1984) col. 1827-1846; Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985), 22-27 (which also presents the manuscripts, provides a stemma, and provides te argumentation behind the new edition on pp. 166-185. ]

Littera ad Ermentrudem. It would seem that Clara wrote at least two letters to Ermentrudis of Cologne, who after several pilgrimages had established a monastery of Poor Sisters and elsewhere. None of these letters have survived in full. In the Annales Minorum, Wadding presented a compilation in the shape of a single text (Cf. L. Wadding, Annales Minorum, ad. ann. 1257 suppl. no. 20 (Quaracchi, 1931), 90-91. This text can also be found in Claire d’Assise, Écrits. Introduction, texte latin, traduction, notes et index, ed. Marie-France Becker, Jean-François Godet, Thaddée Matura, Sources Chrétiennes 325 (Paris, 1985), 192-195. Cf. also: D. de Kok, ‘De Origine Ordinis S. Clarae in Flandria’ AFH 7 (1914), 234-246; H. de Hooglede, ‘Ermentrude et les origines des Clarisses en Belgique’, Neerlandica Franciscana 2 (1919), 67-84; A. Heysse, ‘Origo et progressus Ordinis Sanctae Clarae in Flandria’, AFH 37 (1944), 165-201.

vitae

See a.o.: Legenda S. Clarae Virginis, ed. F. Pennacchi (Assisi, 1910); B. Bughetti, ‘Legenda versificata S. Clarae Assisiensis (s. XIII)’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 5 (1912), 237-260, 459-481, 621-631; M. Bihl, ‘Tres Legendae minores S. Clarae Assisiensis (s. XIII)’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 7 (1914), 32-54; W. Seton, ‘A german Metrical Version of the Legend of St. Clare’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 11 (1918), 384-398; L. Oliger, ‘Gaudia S. Clarae Assiensis seu Vita eius versificata’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 12 (1919), 110-131; L. Bracaloni, ‘Le sacre reliquie della basilica di S. Chiara in Assisi’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 12 (1919), 402-417; W. Seton, ‘The Italian Version of the Legend of Saint Clare by the Florentine Ugolino Vereni’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 12 (1919), 595-599; Z. Lazzeri, ‘Un nuovo codice della ‘Vita di S. Chiara’ di Ugolino Verino. Versi latini del medesimo su S. Francesco e S. Chiara’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 13 (1920), 273-286; Processo di canonizzazione di S. Chiara. Volgarizzamento quattrocentesco umbro-italiano, ed. Z. Lazzeri, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 13 (1920), 403-507; Processo di canonizzazione di S. Chiara d’Assisi. Vita, conversione, miraculi, ed. G. Boccali (Assisi, 2003); Santa Chiara di Assisi. I primi documenti ufficiali: Lettera di annunzio della sua morte, Processo e Bolla di canonizzazione, ed., trans. & comm. G. Boccali (Maria degli Angeli – Assisi, 2003); B. Bughetti, ‘La tavola di S. Chiara nella sua basilica d’Assisi’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 19 (1926), 939-945; Fonti Francescani. Scritte e biografie di san Francesco d'Assisi, chroniche e altre testimonianze al primo secolo francescano. Scritti e biografie di santa Chiara d'Assisi (Padua, 1980³/1988)/ Fontes Francescani, ed. E. Menestò, S. Brufani et. al., Testi, 2 (Assisi, 1995); Legenda latina sanctae Clarae virginis assisiensis, ed. G. Boccali & trans. M. Bigaroni (Perugia, 2001); G. Boccali, 'Legenda di Chiara ed Agnese di Assisi in volgare veneto', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 98 (2005), 649-715; Legende minori di s. Chiara di Assisi, ed. G. Boccali (Grottaferrata, 2008).

important order documents

For the religious history of the order of Damianites and subsequently Poor Clares, we have access to several rules, papal bulls (defining order privileges, regulating the establishment of individual convents, decisions regarding the rule(s), and regulations on life style issues), reports and letters of visitators (the order had official visitators from 1218 onwards. The first visitator seems to have been the Cistercian monk Ambrosius (1218-1219/1220-1223)), rule commentaries etc. A range of such texts have been edited in the Bullarium Franciscanumseries, as well as in the Seraphicae Legislationes Textus Originales. Besides, a range of statutes for indivual Poor Clare convents (which can be compared with the provincial statutes within the male branch of the Franciscan order) and related documents have been edited elsewhere. See for instance AFH 6 (1913), 101-110 (Benvenuto Bughetti’s edition of Angelo de Clavasio’s late fifteenth century statutes for the Poor Clares of Romandiola and other convents), Franziskanische Studien 1 (1914), 356-362 (F. Doelle’s edition of ‘Die Statuten der Klarissen zu Weissenfels aus dem Jahre 1513’), La Verna 10 (1912-1913), 418-426 (S. Mencherini’s edition of the ‘Ordinazioni delle monache di S. Chiara Novella d’Arezzo compilate l’anno 1543’), and AFH 15 (1922), 71-102 (Livarius Oliger, ‘Documenta Originis Clarissarum Civitatis Castelli, Eugebii (a. 1223-1263) necnon Statuta Monasteriorum Perusiae Civitatisque Castelli (saec. XV) et S. Silvestri Romae (saec. XIII)’.) For issues of religious instruction, the Statuta monasterium Montislucis (Perusiae) et Clarissarum Civitatis Castetli, saec. XV, ed. L. Oliger, AFH 15 (1922), 93-98 and the Constitutiones a. Card. Iacobo de Columna pro monasterio S. Silvestri in Capite, Romae, conditae, saec XIII, ed. L. Oliger, AFH 15 (1922), 99-102 are of special interest. The 13th-century statutes of Cardinal Iacopo Colonna pay special attention to the performance of the Divine Office, the maintenance of silence, the conduct during meals, and the adherence of strict clausura. With regard to the Divine Office, the statutes state (ed. Oliger, 99): ‘Divinum Officium cum omni devotione et silentio celebretur, ad quod omnes sane die noctuque diligenter et studiose conveniant nec recedant usque ad finem absque urgente necessitate corporis aut obedientie mandato, exceptis officialibus communibus, et hoc tantum dum in communi officio sive servitio occupantur. Et ut idem officium devotius celebretur, due ordinentur, una ab uno choro et alia ab altero, que sollicite sint, ut officium tractim et distincte dicatur et exitent in officio dormientes…’ Laxity in performance is liable to punishment, which is stipulated in great detail. The same disciplinary emphasis can be found in the articles on silence, sleeping hours, and the community meals. With regard to the latter (ed. Oliger, 100): ‘Item in refectorio mane et sero non ponantur aut fiant nisi due mense; in prima mensa omnes sane venire teneantur et manducare, exceptis officialibus, que tunc temporis in communi servitio occupantur, infirme vero vel debiles in infirmaria deputate in communi refectorio non audeant manducare, sed in infirmeria (…) Summum silentium semper in prima mensa servetur mane et sero, ut divina lectio diligentius audiatur, quam non legi sed cantandi iubemus, ut ei devotius intendatur…’ The fifteenth century Perugia statutes are even more detailed. In ten articles, these statutes deal with: i.) Del divino offitio [p. 93:‘Imprima che tucte le suore che non ànno legitimo inpedimento vengano in chiesia al primo suono de ciascuna hora ad aparechiare il suo cuore laudare il Signore. Et quelle che sença legitima cagione tardasseno tanto che comenze a sonare la secunda, dica cinque Pater nostri in croce a la mensa. Et quando stesse tanto che fosse dicto l’inno o un psalmo, dica a la mensa in croce i tre primi psalmi de li psalmi penitentiali. Et chi per sua negligentia non ce vienne, faccia la disciplina e mangi in terra…’]; ii.) Del vestire; iii.) De la obedientia; iv.) Del sancto silentio; v.) De la colpa; vi.) De la mensa; vii.) Del dormire; viii.) De l’abbadessa; ix.) Di queste ordinationi [p. 97: ‘Item aciochè queste ordinatione meglio se observano, volemo che se legano omne mese una volta in presentia de tucte le suore. Et questo se faccia per obedientia.’]; x.) Questa è la forma del silentio [special rules and sanctions to ensure the observation of silence within the walls of the cloister] Comparable text can be found with regard to the late medieval and early modern period. Hence we can point to texts for the Portuguese Recollects: J. Meseguer Fernández, ‘Constituciones recoletas para Portugal, 1524 e Italia, 1526’, AIA 21 (1961), 459-489 [some parts of these texts go back to the mid-fifteenth century] We can also point to MS Lisbon, Arq. Nac. da Torre do Tombo, C.R. cx. dos Conventos indeterminados livro no. 7 (dated 1501), which, apparently in an Observant context, contains a Confirmatio Regule Fratrum Minorum (ff. 11-8r); Fórmula da profissão (in Portuguese, ff. 8v); Confirmaçam da regra dos fraires Meores (ff. 9-15r); Testamento que fez nosso padre sam francisco (ff. 15v-18r); Breviaçam dos statutos assy geeraáes como papáes fecta no convento de sca Maria de Jhu acerca de barcelona da provincia daragom (ff. 18r-43v); Testamentum beati patris nostri Francisci (ff. 44-45v); Littera pro electo discreto ad capitulum provinciale e Littera electionis gardiani (ff. 45v-46r); San Bernardino de Sena põeestes xxxiii capitulos em os quaes ho frade menor pode seer dicto proprietario (ff. 46r-48). The Portuguese MS Évora, Bibl. Pub. CXIII/1-143, em 12⁰ contains in Portuguese the Innocent IV constitutions for the poor Clares, as well as Clare’s testament and related texts, including the constitutions of Colette of Corbie (see there).

literature See also our Franciscan Women Internet Database: (http://franwomen.sbu.edu/franwomen/default.aspx)

Clara Bugnia (Clara Bugnia/Chiara Bugna/Chiara Bugni, fl. 15th cent.)

OSC. Italian Poor Clare from Venice. Born on 4 October 1471, she entered the Santo Sepolcro di Venezia monastery at the age of 18. She lived a very austere life and had visions. At a certain juncture in her life she received the stigmata. This phenomenon was recognized by the Church prior to her death in a canonical process. Between 1504 and 1511, Chiara was the abbess of her Venetian Clarissan monastery. Yet in 1511 she was demoted and put in confinement for two years. She fell ill after her liberation, to die in the odor of sanctity on 17 September 1514. During her abbatiate, she wrote several religious treatises for the spiritual edification of sisters, as well as sermons. See also the Franciscan Women internet Database.

works

Sermoni. See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

Exhortationes Quinque de Virtute Humilitatis. See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

Aliae Sex Exhortationes de Virtute Patientiae. See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

Exhortationes Quatuor. See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

Exhortationes Totidem de Laudibus Obedientiae. See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

Documenta Salutaria de Morte Cogitanda et Aliis Virtutibus Sectandis See now: La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

vitae

Marco Da Lisbona, Croniche de gli ordini instituiti dal P.S. Francesco (Naples, second edition, 1680), Part IV, Vol. III, 751-909; F. Hueber, Menologium Sanctorum ex Triplici Ordine S. Francisci (Munich, 1698), 1801-1803; Mazzara, Leggendario francescano (Venice, 1722) IX, 240-242; La Vita e I Sermoni di Chiara Bugni clarissa veneziana (1471-1514), ed. R.C. Mueller & G. Zarri (Rome, 2011), which contains the vernacular biography of Chiara Bugni, translated by Andrea Pillolini, the sermons of Chiara, transcribed by suoer Augustina, a vernacular biography written by an unknown sister, and the latin Vita composed by the Venetian Observant friar Francesco Zorzi.

literature

Wadding, Annales Minorum (ed. Quaracchi, 1933) XV, 541-548; Wadding, Scriptores (ed. Rome, 1906), 64; Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche II2, 623; A. Van den Wyngaert, ‘Bugna’, DHGE X, 1093-1094; Reinhold C. Mueller & Gabriella Zarri, La vita i sermoni di Chiara Bugni, Clarissa Veneziana (1471-1514), Temi e Testi: Scritture nel Chiostro, 89 (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2011); Mauro Papalini, 'Nuovi documenti sul monastero del santo sepolcro di Venezia', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 106:3-4 (2013), 425-456; Gabriella Zarri, 'Predicazione e cura pastorale. I Sermoni della Clarissa Veneziana Chiara Bugni', Anuario de Estudios Medievales 42:1 (2012), 141-161.

Clara Gertrudis (Clara Gertrudis Pérez Navarro, ca. 1650-after 1730)

OSCCap. Spanish Capuchin nun from Zaragoza. She joined the order in her home town and later helped Josefa Manuela de Palafox with the creation of the Santa Rosalía Capuchin monastery in Sevilla. There, Clara became novice master and later vicar and abbess.

works

Carta en que la R. Madre Sor Clara Gertrudis Pérez, abadesa del convento de Santa Rosalía de Capuchinas de Sevilla da cuenta a los demás conventos del feliz tránsito y heroicas virtudes de la Venerable Madre Sor Josefa Manuela de Palafox y Cardona, primera abadesa y fundadora del dicho convento (Sevilla, 1724).

literature

Serrano y Sanz, Apuntes para una biblioteca de escritores españoles (Madrid, 1903) II, 126-127.

Clara Isabella Fornari (Chiara Isabella Fornari/Anna Felice, 1697-1744)

OSC. Italian Poor Clare. She was born in Rome on 25 June, 1697. She was sent to the Clarissan convent in Todi (Monastero San Francesco Suore Clarisse) for her education at the age of 13 in 1710. After a while she opted to stay, taking her profession in 1712. At first, she had a very anxious religious life, but she found peace after a long general confession in 1717. In the aftermath of this mental transformation, she embarked in a more confident manner on a discipline of prayer and penitence, and she was rewarded by the gift of contemplative insight. She took on several charges in her convent, including that of novice master and abbess (1735). She died at the age of 47 on December 9, 1744, leaving behind several writings with mystical and autobiographical contents, some of which had the format of spiritual dialogues.

works

Mystical and autobiographical spiritual writings. For a discussion of the manuscripts of her work in the Todi Clarissan Monastero San Francesco, see Chiara-Augusta Lainati, Temi spirituali dagli Scritti del Secondo Ordine Francescano, Antologie del pensiero spirituale francescani, 2/11 (Assisi, 1970).

vitae

Memorie della vita e delle virtù della Serva di Dio suor Chiara Isabella Fornari Romana (…) (Venice, 1768). This publication is based on the Sommario del Processo compiled for her beatification process. A manuscript copy of this latter Sommario can be found in the MSS Quad. F1, F2 & F 3 of the Clarissan S. Francesco convent in Todi.

literature

Chiara Coletti, 'Chiara Isabella Fornari, una mistica tra Illuminismo e Restaurazione', Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia 2 (2016), 489-509 [https://www.academia.edu/37528525/Chiara_Isabella_Fornari_limmagine_agiografica_di_una_mistica_tra_Illuminismo_e_Restaurazione_in_Rivista_di_storia_della_Chiesa_in_Italia_2_2016_pp_489_509 ]; Chiara Coletti, Iconismi, lettere ardenti e Bambini di cera - Chiara Isabella Fornari, «anima viatrice» nelle inquietudini religiose del Settecento (Guida Editori, 2021).

Clara Isabella Gherzi (Chiara Isabelle Gherzi/Chiara della Sacrissima Concezione, 1742-1800), beata

OSC. Italian Poor Clare from Pontedecimo (Genoa). Entered the Poor Clares at the Santa Trinita convent (Gubbio). She was for 22 years abbess of that community (elected at the age of 37).

works

Relazioni spirituali, Lettere & Propositi spirituali. Manuscripts of her works surviving in the Santa Trinita convent in Gubbio are described in Chiara-Augusta Lainati, Temi spirituali dagli Scritti del Secondo Ordine Francescano, Antologie del pensiero spirituale francescani, 2/11 (Assisi, 1970). See also the 2005 study by Mauro Papalini. To be continued..

vitae

Congregazione dei riti, Eugubina beatificationis et canonizationis Ven. Servae Dei Clarae Isabellae Gherzi abbatissae ex ordine S. Clarae in Ven. Monasterio Sanctissimae Trinitatis Eugubii - Informatio super dubio (...) (1823); Congregazione dei riti, Eugubina beatificationis et canonizationis Ven. Servae Dei Clarae Isabellae Gherzi abbatissae ex ordine S. Clarae in Ven. Monasterio Sanctissimae Trinitatis Eugubii - Positio super validitate processuum (Rome: Tipografia della Camera Apostolica, 1834); Nuovi prodigi di grazia del Dio Redentore nella Venerabile Serva di Dio Suor Chiara Isabella Gherzi dell’Immacolata Concezione” distribuiti e descritti in cinque libri da Un Minore Riformato (Assisi: Tipografia Sgariglia, 1838); Congregazione dei riti, Eugubina beatificationis et canonizationis Ven. Servae Dei Clarae Isabellae Gherzi abbatissae ex ordine Sanctae Clarae in Ven. Monasterio Eugubino SSmae. Trinitatis - Positio super virtutibus (Rome: Tipografia Vaticana, 1881; Congregazione dei riti, Eugubina beatificationis et canonizationis Ven. Servae Dei Clarae Isabellae Gherzi abbatissae ex ordine Sanctae Clarae in Ven. Monasterio Eugubino SSmae. Trinitatis - Nova positio super virtutibus (Rome: Tipografia Monaldi, 1885); Congregazione dei riti, Eugubina beatificationis et canonizationis Ven. Servae Dei Clarae Isabellae Gherzi abbatissae ex ordine Sanctae Clarae in Ven. Monasterio Eugubino SSmae. Trinitatis - Novissima positio super virtutibus, (Rome: Tipografia Artificium a S. Josephi, 1894).

literature

Giovanni Francesco da Marassi, Vita della venerabile serva di Dio sr. Chiara Isabella Ghersi da Pontedecimo Ligure. Abbadessa clarissa nel monastero della SS. Trinità di Gubbio (Genoa: Tip. della gioventù, 1875); E. Rollero da Barcellona, L’agnello di Gubbio. Ven. Suor Chiara Isabella Ghersi (Genoa, 1941); Clément Schmitt, 'Ghersi ou Gherzi (Clara Isabella)', in: Dictionnaire de Spiritualité VI, 343-344; Epifanio Urbani, Ti farò mia sposa. La venerabile Chiara Isabella Gherzi clarissa del Monastero SS. Trinita in Gubbio (Assisi: Porziuncola, 1993); Mauro Papalini,'La Sposa del Supremo Monarca. Alcune considerazioni sulla vita interiore della ven. Chiara Isabella Ghersi, clarissa urbanista, abbadessa del monastero della S.s.Trinità di Gubbio', in: All'ombra della chiara luce, ed. Aleksander Horowski, Bibliotheca Seraphico-Capuccina, 75 (Rome: Istituto Storico dei Cappuccini, 2005), 233-266; Mauro Papalini,'La vita quotidiana delle Clarisse urbaniste d'Italia nel XVIII secolo ricavata da testi e documenti dell'epoca', Collectanea Franciscana 76:1-2 (2006), 189-252. Check also https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiara_Isabella_Gherzi

Clarus Florentinus (Chiaro da Firenze, mid 13th cent.)

OM. Italian Franciscan canonist and papal penitentiary. Born in Florence or its surroundings sometime in the early 13th century. Studied law, probably in Bologna and afterwards entered the Franciscan order. Salimbene mentions in his Cronica that during Christmas 1243 Chiaro held two public sermons in the Chiesa Arcivescovile of Pisa and that the public was unable to appreciate the refined argumentation of these sermons, which on the basis of he same theme developed different positions. A testamentary bequest to the benefit of a frate Chiaro seems to indicate that he still resided in the Bologna province in 1251 and he can again be attested there in 1261, when the provincial minister Bonagratia invited him and other friars to the Synod of Ravenna (28 March 1261), organised by Pope Alexander IV to organize support for King Bela IV of Hungary, threatened by Mogol forces. At that moment in time Chiaro was apparently lector in one of the friaries of the Bologna province. Some sources also call him 'Capellanus papae et apostolicae sedis auditor', which suggests his presence at the papal court as papal penitentiary in the mid 1250s. He was a renowned canonist, whose works are referred to by Angelo da Chivasso (author of the Summa Angelica). It is a bit unclear to what extent the works ascribed to him are really his works, or in part the result of his compilatory activities. There also seems to be some confusion with the Summa de Casibus Reservatis ascribed to the Franciscan canonist Mandred de Tortona.

works

Repertorium Juris Civilis et Canonici. ?

Casus Conscientiae fratris Clari de Florentiae: MS Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia (BUP), 586, ff. 78r-?; BUP, 723, ff. 14v & 35r-46v; BUP, 736, ff. 41r-66v; BUP, 2037, ff. 76r-127v; Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, Conv. Soppr. 1166, F.VI.855 [check]

Tractatus X. Praeceptorum. See: Casus Conscientiae fratris Clari de Florentiae.

Viginti Casus Determinati in Curia Papae: MS Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia (BUP), 1159, ff. 5v-6v; BUP, 1695, ff. 85v-87r.

Disputatio de incerta pecunia restituenda: MS Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia (BUP), 1520, ff. 15rb-vb; BUP, 2034, f. 25v.

Casus de soccidis: MS Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia (BUP), 723, ff. 47r-48r; BUP, 1288 ff. 147vb-148rb; BUP, 1520, ff. 228-229.

It would seem that some or all of these works can be found in various configurations in a number of other manuscripts, and the real authorship of Chiaro needs further study. See for instance: BRB, 1708, II, 2509; Bibl. Engelberg, 259; Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, Ashb. 142; Florence, Laurenziana, 1560 & 1637 S. Croce Plut. VII sin. 8; S. Croce Plut. X sin. 6; Naples, Bibl. Nazionale I.H.39; Rome, Bibliotheca Angelica, 967; Rome, Bibl. S. Isidoro, 1/133; Siena, Biblioteca Comunale, G.VII.24; Strasbourg, Bibl. Univ., 53; Todi, Bibl. Comunale, 136; Toulouse, Bibl. Municipale, 208 etc.

literature

Salimbene, Cronica, ed. G. Scalia (Bari, 1966) I, 581 & II, 800; Wadding, Scriptores (ed. 1906) I, 64; Juan de San Antonio, Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana I, 267; Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 196; J.M. Henquinet, `Clair de Florence, o.f.m., canoniste et pénitencièr pontif. Vers le milieu du xiii siècle', AFH, 32 (1939), 3-48; J.M. Henquinet, 'Le canoniste fr. Mainfroid de Tortona, O.F.M., disciple d'Alexandre de Halès et de Jean de La Rochelle', AFH, 33 (1940), 221; M. Franceschini, DBI, 4 (Roma, 1962), 463-64; Michele Franteschini, 'Chiaro da Firenze', DBI XXIV (1980) [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/chiaro-da-firenze_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ ]; O. Langholm, The Merchant in the Confessional, 108-110; G. Todeschini, Visibilmente crudeli. Malviventi, persone sospette e gente qualunque dal Medioevo all'età moderna (Bologna, 2007), 155-158; Giovanni Ceccarelli, 'Concezioni Econimiche Cristiane alla fine del Medioevo', in: Religione e istituzioni religiose nell'economia Europea 1000-1800/Religion and Religious Institutions in the European Economy 1000-1800, ed. Francesco Ammannati (Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012), 276.

Claudia de Sancto Michaele (Claudia de San Miguel, fl. first half 17th cent.)

OSCCap. Spanish Capuchin nun. Not much more is known about her except for the fact that she was a rather productive poet, and a promotor of the immaculate conception.

works

Several of her poems have been included in: Elegios a María Santísima. Consagrólos en suntuosas celebradides devotamente Granada a la limpieza pura de su Concepción (Granada: Francisco Sánchez y Baltasar de Bolívar, 1651), f. 302f. Other poems have only survived in manuscript format. See the study of Serrano y Sanz.

Glossa pro immaculata conceptione. Mentioned in old catalogues, and in the Pedro de Alva's Militia Immaculatae Conceptionis (Louvain, 1663), 289.

literature

Sbaralea, Supplementum (ed. 1806), 196; Serrano y Sanz, Apuntes para una biblioteca de escritores españolas (Madrid, 1903) II, 355-356.